Foreword

Mullein is a fertilizer that has been used for thousands of years. It still does not have an exact recipe and is at the center of the discussion of opponents and supporters of fertilizer. Let's try to collect the most reliable information on the preparation and use of this top dressing.

What gives the use of manure?

Such support, despite Hi-tech, still remains the basis of high productivity in the cultivation of crops. But cow dung was not always used only as. In India, which has a history of thousands of years, this material is even used in the pharmaceutical industry to this day. It serves as the basis for tablets, unlike the chalk used in European countries. The binding ability allows it to be used in the manufacture of adobe, a building material.

Mullein is the most affordable organic fertilizer. It costs several times cheaper than various chemical analogues. Organic-fed plants have the best organoleptic characteristics. cow dung- not only a valuable fertilizer, it is a good protection of plants from garden pests and some diseases. To truly appreciate its usefulness as an emergency biological aid for vegetables, consider its chemical composition.

The content of nitrogen, potassium and calcium in cow manure is higher than in other animal excrements. It contains a significant amount of phosphorus. Also, cow dung contains up to 21% of useful compounds. A high water content (up to 78%) maintains the desired level of moisture in the soil. The presence of valuable trace elements in mullein is determined by the composition of the feed used for cattle, as well as the type of bedding used.

Organics significantly improves the structure of the soil, enriching it with humus, the upper fertile layer. When using mullein, sandy and sandy soils begin to become more cohesive, thereby retaining moisture. Clay soils, on the contrary, become looser. Thanks to the use of cow manure in such soils, their aeration improves, air access to the roots of plants opens. When applying fertilizer to different kinds soil, it should be taken into account that the complete decomposition of organic matter depends on the structure of the soil. In sandy and sandy loam, the full period of manure decomposition occurs in 3–4 years. IN clay soils and loamy manure decomposes up to 7 years.

Stages of manure readiness and its use

The quality of organic fertilizers depends on the storage time, during which nitrogen is lost and organic matter decays. In any top dressing of this type, there is a litter (sawdust, peat, straw). When keeping cows, straw is most often used as bedding, by which one can distinguish the degree of readiness of manure for use.

According to the shelf life (degree of decomposition), manure is divided into types. The first is a fresh and slightly decomposed mullein, which is distinguished by the unchanged color of the straw, which retains its strength. The second is semi-decomposed organic matter, which contains dark brown straw with poor tensile strength. In the third form, rotted manure, the straw is black and crumbles easily when rubbed. The last stage of decomposition is humus, which is a homogeneous mass, similar in appearance to chernozem. Although it significantly reduces the nitrogen content, its use is still useful for increasing soil fertility and the vital activity of microorganisms.

When introducing organic fertilizers into the soil, it is important to follow some rules. The best option bait with manure - autumn plowing. In this case, it is necessary to bring in a half-rotted mullein, which will have time to completely rot before spring and the earth will be ready for planting. In regions with harsh winters and late onset of spring, fresh manure is introduced late autumn under the snow cover until the first frost. This allows you to save the soil from deep freezing and start planting seedlings a little earlier in the spring. You can also save young seedlings from spring frosts by mulching between rows with dry manure.

It is not recommended to throw fresh manure into already planted beds. It releases a large amount of ammonia nitrogen, which gradually burns the root system of plants. In addition, a large number of not very friendly microorganisms live in it, due to which various diseases of planted crops can develop. Also, the litter may contain weed seeds, which, once in the soil, occupy the site.

Fresh manure is best left for storage, but if there is a need to use fertilizer, then it is better to prepare a liquid solution for irrigation from such a mullein fraction. In this case, the substance is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:20.

When manure is introduced into the soil, obligatory deep digging is necessary. Manure application rate - 4 kg / m 2. You also need to take into account the structure of the soil: for light soils, the plowing depth is 20–25 cm, and for heavy soils, 10–15 cm. Combined top dressing can also be used. When using cow manure, they are often added, given that their content in the original product is relatively low. Mullein is also used for spring digging, but it is better to take rotted, it can be applied immediately before planting. IN summer period manure is used in dry form for soil mulching.

Qualitatively improves the composition of any soil humus - manure that has gone through a full cycle of biochemical reaction. Its use has a beneficial effect on all types of plants. In addition to potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, it contains magnesium, sulfur, copper and zinc. Humus is suitable for any crops. Despite the great benefits of organic fertilizers, it is important not to overdo it in this matter. Excessive application leads to an increased content of nitrates in fruits. It is believed that cow dung should be applied to the soil no more than once every three years. But if, for example, a sunflower grew on the site, which, as you know, greatly depletes the soil, then fertilization after its cultivation is necessary.

Secrets of the correct preparation of manure

A solution of mullein is used for watering plants, which significantly improves the yield and quality of the fruits themselves. Top dressing is carried out during the formation of ovaries and during fruiting. A fertilizer solution is prepared in a proportion of ¼: 1 - cow dung, 4 - water. It is kneaded in a special container and insisted for at least 10 days. The solution must be stirred two or three times a day so that it is enriched with oxygen and the fermentation process begins, as a result of which uric acid is neutralized, because its excess adversely affects the roots of plants.

The fermented solution increases the rate of formation of microbiological reactions in the soil, which affects the increase in yield. All trace elements contained in fertilizers begin to be absorbed by plants only after they are completely processed by soil microorganisms. In the process of making the solution, the container must be kept tightly covered. 10 parts of water are added to the concentrate prepared in this way. For top dressing use 5 l / m 2. Since it is impossible to store ready-made fertilizer, because it loses its beneficial properties, it is better to calculate the volume in advance and prepare the mullein at a time. For elimination bad smell during mixing and use, silica (powder) can be added to the solution.

In order to obtain high-quality fertilizer, and not the usual and of little use biomass, manure is placed in pits (piles) in layers, each layer must be tamped down. From above, the recess is covered with leaves or straw. This method of harvesting after 5 months gives a semi-rotted fertilizer with a high nitrogen content. During loose storage (without tamping), a significant part of the organic nitrogen evaporates. Sometimes, when preparing manure, each layer is sprinkled with phosphorus flour in order to increase the content of this element in organic fertilizer. In addition, superphosphate binds nitrogen, preventing it from escaping. And nitrogen protects the fertilizer from freezing.

What is compost? This is an excellent organic fertilizer obtained as a result of the decomposition of various organic substances under the influence of the activity of microorganisms, fungi and soil microflora.

What can be used to get compost in the country? Almost all plant and food waste: weeds, mowed lawn grass(the scourge of modern summer residents!), branches, straw, vegetable tops, spoiled fruits, peat, animal manure, bird droppings, human waste products (urine and excrement), paper, newspapers and magazines, feathers, sawdust, bark, shavings, cut and cardboard moistened with water, all food waste (except meat and fish, to avoid the appearance of flies and rodents). Simply put, as soon as you have a compost box on your site, the amount of garbage you take out will decrease significantly and it (garbage) will consist only of metal, plastic and glass.

How to make? Anything can serve as a material for its construction: metal or plastic mesh, unnecessary pallets ( wooden pallets), slate, boards, plastic. There are many ready-made plastic containers for compost, for every taste and budget.

The volume of the composter must be at least 1 cubic meter; in a smaller mass, the processes of decomposition of organic matter will occur very sluggishly.

The basic rules for laying organic matter in the composter are:

1. The compost container is always installed directly on the ground so that excess moisture can seep into the depths, and microorganisms and worms can penetrate into the mass of compost from the ground, helping to quickly process the substrate.
2. Quite large branches, coarse stalks of corn, sunflower, cabbage stalks with roots must first be laid at the bottom of the composter. This is done in order to provide ventilation and air flow into the pile from below, which will also accelerate its maturation.
3. The layers in the compost should not be very high, 10-15 cm of each type.
4. A layer of juicy organic matter (mowed and weeded grass, fruits, rotten vegetables, wet manure) should always be covered (it is better to mix) with a layer of dry and coarse organic matter (newspapers, thin branches, peat, soil from the site, straw). Otherwise, rotting will occur inside the formation with the formation of an unpleasant odor and mold.
5. If possible, once a month, you need to either turn over the layers of compost, or increase the flow of air in another way - by forcefully sticking the forks deep and swinging them over the entire area of ​​​​the composter.
6. To speed up composting, it is desirable to shed a pile by special means purchased at garden centers.
7. You can prepare such a "compost accelerator" yourself.
In a 200-liter container (barrel) is placed:
- a shovel of wood or grass ash;
- half a bucket of manure or litter;
- a bucket of rotten straw or leaf litter;
- a shovel of humus, compost or just garden soil;
- a liter of whey or curdled milk;
- 3 liters of sourdough mash.
Brazhka-sourdough is prepared as follows: for 3 liters of non-chlorinated water, 5 tbsp. spoons of sugar and a pinch of yeast. It ferments for 2-3 days, then it is added to the common tank. Before use, you need to store the mash in the refrigerator - it is valuable until it sour. In the general tank, the whole bodyaga is infused for a week. Sometimes it needs to be stirred. When used, the infusion is diluted at least twice.
With such an "accelerator" shed a bunch of 1-2 times a week for 1-2 buckets.
8. The composter must be covered from above from the sun (dries up) and rain (washed out nutrients, the substrate rots) with shields or film.
9. Very much accelerates the maturation of compost planting directly on top of the pumpkin compost heap. The secretions of the roots of these crops help to decompose organic matter, and the mass of leaves obscures the pile, creating an optimal microclimate. During the growth of plants, the laying of the mass in the composter continues. Layers are laid directly under the foliage, between the stems of zucchini.

If you follow these rules, then by autumn you will be able to get a large amount of remarkably mature compost, loose, dark, with a pleasant smell of forest floor and use it on, in and in the garden.

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Manure is a completely natural type of fertilizer, which is used in almost all farms of various sizes and specifics. The use of manure is the most famous and widespread method of fertilizing the soil, which allows you to enrich it with a large amount of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and some other trace elements: chlorine, magnesia, lime, silicon, sulfur, etc.

Manure as one of the popular dressings

Organic manure is a fertilizer from the category of organics, which is produced everywhere, therefore, most farmers can receive it. There are several negative phenomena associated with the use of such a fertilizer for the garden: an unpleasant consistency, a sharp and pungent odor, a method for obtaining a substance.

Manure is preferred due to the large number of useful elements, they enrich the soil and increase productivity. Due to the natural type of fertilizer, it is often preferred over synthetic options. Due to self-harvesting or buying from large farmers at a low price, you can make a big profit from the harvest.

Manure is a completely natural type of fertilizer that is used in almost all farms.

The processing of manure into fertilizer takes a certain time, since it is rarely used in its raw form. To obtain a good top dressing, it is required that the raw material is overripe. Based on the degree of decomposition, several types are distinguished:

• Fresh. It can only be used in autumn, when the soil is pre-digged and sufficient time is provided for the manure to partially rot. It is recommended to scatter fertilizers in a thick layer, and lay sawdust and a little soil on top of it, this will help speed up splitting and reduce the intensity of odor emission.
• Polupereprevshiy, he's liquid manure. Be sure to dilute the raw materials based on the dosage of 1 kg per 1 bucket of water. It should be used as top dressing throughout the entire ripening stage. Many farmers introduce liquid manure when planting seedlings. In case of manure overheating, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the substance by 2 times.
• Humus. Gained popularity due to the ability to improve consumer qualities. After using it, the taste becomes richer, brighter and better expressed. The effect occurs in almost all cultures. It is mainly used in the form of additives to the soil or instead of mulch.

Types of manure: what to take

Based on the type of fertilizer, that is, the animal that produced it, numerous types of manure can be distinguished. Which manure to choose depends entirely on the farmer, but each option has both positive and negative sides. On further analysis chemical properties manure will be used considering 4 essential trace elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. All elements are not contained in their pure form, but as oxides.

The main types of manure:

• Cow dung as a fertilizer has received numerous positive reviews when used on various plants. Its use must be carried out with extreme caution. Cow dung contains a lot of nitrates, if the amount is exceeded, fertility may deteriorate.

Cow dung as a fertilizer has numerous positive reviews.

• Pig manure as a fertilizer is in demand due to its greater concentration useful substances. Not only pig manure is used as fertilizer, half-eaten feed, bedding residues and even fallen stubble are used. The chemical composition is as follows (per 1 kg of the substance): nitrogen - 8.13 g, phosphorus - 7.9 g, calcium - 7.74 g, potassium - 4.5 g. Pig manure as a fertilizer should be used with extreme caution because it contains a lot of ammonia.
• The horse species is in demand in the cultivation of certain plants and for the preparation of biofuels. Due to the small number of horses, its cost is higher than other varieties. It cannot be introduced in its pure form.
• Goat manure, as a fertilizer, is very similar in properties to sheep manure, respectively, the scope of use is identical. They contain the largest number of beneficial substances, in terms of efficiency it surpasses the cow species by 2 times. Goat manure is often used for greenhouses. It is usually used for feeding potatoes, pumpkins and beets. Manure in its pure form is laid on the ground and covered with soil on top.
• received positive reviews due to the high degree of safety in relation to plants. Rabbit manure before being introduced requires practically no preparation, since it does not contain harmful elements for plants.
  Rabbit manure can be used as a liquid or dry fertilizer, some reviews note the possibility of mixing it with other varieties. Before you get fertilizer from rabbit manure, if you follow the reviews regarding the dry use of raw materials, you need to put it in the sun and dry it. Then dry feces are pounded in a mortar.
  Often rabbit manure is used as a fertilizer for home flowers, according to reviews, they begin to actively develop and throw out more color. Need 1 tbsp. l. mix the dry mixture with 3 liters of earth.

Preparation and use of manure

Top dressing from fresh manure is practically not used in farming, as animal feces contain various pests that can pollute the soil. To eliminate harmful microorganisms, it is worth leaving the mixture for 6 months, which will make top dressing safer.

The horse species is in demand in the cultivation of certain plants and for the preparation of biofuels.

There are several methods to reduce the waiting time:

• composting allows you to get high-quality fertilizer, for its preparation it is enough to collect all the raw materials in a pile. The substrate is laid inside from last year. At the base of the heap, plant waste is also used, which is transferred in layers with manure. When the pile is increased to 1–1.5 m, it should be filled with water and left pending debate. The method allows you to use the mixture after 2 months, but it is best to wait 1 year;
• Vermicomposting is suitable for making high-quality top dressing using worms, which are sold in fertilizer stores. The technique allows you to enrich the soil with useful microelements from manure and, additionally, with worms, which also have a beneficial effect. Before immersing the worms, liming with slaked lime, ash or bone-type flour is mandatory. A neutral environment leads to the death of worms;
• under the action of humates, these are components for accelerating the decay of manure and enrichment with useful substances, which leads to a decrease in dosage and economical consumption. The use of humates occurs in March or April when the temperature rises above 0 °C. The ratio is as follows - 10 kg of raw materials require 10 g of humates. To create a uniform composition, you need to mix the pile;
• steeping is the fastest way to eliminate harmful ammonia and microorganisms. You need to mix manure and water in a ratio of 1 to 1 and leave for a week. The solution is further mixed with ordinary water in a ratio of 1 to 10 and used for irrigation. Watering under the root with such a mixture is not recommended. Liquid manure is preferably used in the evening.

Fresh manure and its uses

Manure is allowed to be used in its raw form, only with special care, since there are more risks and plants absorb it worse:

• in spring, it can be used to heat the soil, this will help to get an early harvest. Sheep dung warms the ground best;
• in summer, liquid manure shows itself better. The raw material is mixed with water in a ratio of 1 to 4, then the mixture is poured around the rhizome so that the liquid does not get on the roots. About 1.5 l is used per 1 m 2;

Fresh manure can be used to warm the soil

• in autumn, fertilizer is added during the digging process. It is necessary to ensure the penetration of manure into the soil to a depth of about 30 cm, and then cover it with earth from above. For 1 m 2 use 10 kg;
• in winter, it is important to use for simple spreading on the snow, this will allow you to fertilize the soil in advance. It is worth using 15 kg per 1 m 2.

Manure

The main task of using manure is to enrich the soil with nutrients, but in addition it affects the condition of the soil, providing porosity, better permeability and optimal conditions for the existence of worms. Mostly manure is used after dilution. The method of covering the surface of the earth with litter is often used, and additional soil is laid on top, this allows for the enrichment of the soil and its heating.

Among the disadvantages of such a fertilizer can be identified:

• high cost, which is formed due to the long cooking process and the complexity of transportation;
• inside contains a lot of seeds from weeds, they will begin to sprout and lead to the need to constantly weed;
• there is a risk of introducing a large amount of nitrates or ammonia, this will worsen the quality of plant cultivation;
• There are pests in the composition, with proper composting they can be eliminated.

Upon detailed examination, cow dung contains in 1 kg: nitrogen - 3.5 g, phosphorus - 3 g, calcium - 2.9 g, potassium - 1.4 g. When choosing, it is recommended to take into account the sex, number of years and other organic factors of the animal. When using manure from calves, useful properties 15% less.

Cow dung has fewer nutrients and belongs to the group with low efficiency.

Before applying manure, a composting step should be carried out. Cow litter is laid in ratios of 7–10 kg per 1 m 2. If it is necessary to heat the beds, it is recommended to pour piles with a maximum height of up to 1 m.

Today, cow dung has fewer nutrients and belongs to the group with low efficiency. The advantage is the minimal risk of poisoning or burns.

Horse

The horse variety is used with high efficiency in the cultivation of zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkins, potatoes and cabbage. One kilogram contains nitrogen - 4.7 g, phosphorus - 3.8 g, calcium - 3.5 g, potassium - 2 g.

Experienced gardeners note the optimal dosage - 5 kg per 1 m 2 for open ground. When growing plants in a greenhouse, they simply sprinkle the ground with a 30 cm layer and pour hot liquid with the addition of potassium permanganate from pests. 20 cm of soil is laid on top of the fertilizer.

Other types of manure

Pork has a high risk of burns due to ammonia. Composting is recommended to obtain good fertilizer. Litter from horses, pigs and cows is worth.

Use of pig manure

A useful property of pig manure as a fertilizer is the presence in the composition of 70% of all nitrogen in a form that is easily absorbed by plants. Manure is mainly used for incorporation into the soil liquid with a small amount of solid pieces, but their diameter should not exceed 10 mm, better order 5 mm. Passed through composting before use, this eliminates frequent pests pigs.

Often found in certain regions of mutton manure, it is highly concentrated, respectively, it is better to dilute it in water.

Obtaining humus from mammalian manure

Humus without much difficulty can be prepared independently. Several steps must be followed:

• Initially, all raw materials fit into a pile. It is better to use a pit or container.
• From above, the slide is covered with roofing material.
• In process of overheating it is necessary to moisten it sometimes. It is worth controlling that the top is wet throughout the entire time. For the penetration of air necessary for the reaction to take place, it is worth loosening the pile 1-2 times a month.

If a dry type of manure has been acquired, there is no need to cover it, just moisten it. With such a manipulation, maturation of 4–5 months should be expected, optimal time is 1 year, and the ideal preparation period is 2 years.

Chicken manure is also categorized as an animal type fertilizer, only it feature is an excess amount of urea, which will lead to burns on plants. This provokes contraindications in relation to the use in raw form.

Fresh chicken manure

Chicken manure as a fertilizer allows you to saturate the soil with carbon dioxide. It contains a lot of nitrogen, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. Bird droppings contain 4 times the amount of useful elements.

This fertilizer has properties similar to top dressing with complex type fertilizers. The duration of the positive impact is 3 years. Due to the availability of fertilizer, it is often used in small farms.

Rules for the introduction of bird droppings

To get a large and high-quality crop when using chicken manure (or any other poultry), you need to follow 3 fundamental rules:

• Litter should be stored outdoors for 1 year or more, otherwise dry fertilizer should not be applied.
• It can be applied dry a little earlier when mixed with sawdust or peat in a ratio of 1 to 3. The mixture is placed in the grooves and filled with water. The straw will take on all the excess, acting as a sorbent.
• It should be used in liquid form when fertilizing young plants that have been previously transplanted. It is necessary to breed based on the following concentration: 1 kg per 20 liters of water. The solution must be given time to stand for 10 days on the street, this will allow the urea to disappear.

Preparation of humus from bird droppings

Bird droppings are a great addition to compost. For manufacturing, it is recommended to lay leaves or tops on the bottom, and lay chicken droppings on top. From above, the pit is covered with a film (can be replaced with a 5 cm layer of earth). Periodic humidification is recommended. Due to the release of methane, the rate of decay increases significantly. Ready humus can be obtained in 6-8 months.

Solution of fresh chicken manure

vegetable humus

Plant compost is the easiest to make. It can be prepared by any farmer or summer resident. As raw materials for preparation are used: leaves, tops, stems of plants. Stems are recommended for nitrogen enrichment. legumes and cut grass. To ensure a sufficient amount of phosphorus, it is worth laying mustard, rapeseed and similar crops for technical purposes. Calcium will be enough when laying the melon.

The main thing is to correctly create conditions for, otherwise, instead of the expected benefits, the summer resident will receive a hotbed weeds, pests and diseases. There are a number of rules for the correct formation of humus:

• All plants affected by diseases or pests are not suitable for cooking. In the presence of growths, manifestations of phytophthora and other characteristic symptoms, it is worth burning raw materials. The ash will no longer have flaws and will allow you to fertilize the garden.
• Herbal seeds should be excluded from the bookmark. It is important to prevent the ingress of aggressive varieties of grasses - wheatgrass, sow thistle and others. Otherwise, the land will be infested with weeds for a long time.
• Be sure to fit grass with manure. It is recommended to stack lawn grass in a pile, which is supplemented with chicken or other droppings.
• The use of harmful substances of synthetic origin has negative consequences. It is allowed to use paper or cardboard (provided that there are no impurities and dyes). Wood shavings can also be applied, but a longer compost maturation period will be required.

Plant compost is the easiest organic fertilizer to make.

The sequence of actions when laying compost

To create humus from plants you need:

• Knock down a wooden box, you can replace it with an ordinary pit.
• Plants that will be used for compost are placed inside. It is better to shift the pile in layers, alternately mixing earth, plants, manure, manure or fertilizers with a high concentration of nitrogen. The earth is necessarily shifted, as it provides access from microorganisms, worms and insects. You can replace the earth with manure or bird droppings. If possible, it is better to give preference to manure.
• From above, the pit should be covered with a film or roofing material. In this state, it should be 1 year.
• Periodically, the compost should be moistened and mixed.

If it is possible to add raw materials to the heap, the same sequence can be used. It is recommended to create a pile with up to 5 layers. The thickness of the earthen surface layer is 7 cm.

Autumn application of organic fertilizers

It is recommended to make compost that has not yet matured in autumn. When introducing substances in the fall, it is worth distributing the substrate with maximum uniformity over the site and dropping it a little (from 15 cm). By spring, the organic matter will decompose somewhat, and the plants will receive the necessary substances.

Litter should be used in the fall, but to reduce the laboriousness of the work, you can apply it in the winter, right on top of the snow. This will eliminate the procedure of digging.

Application of humus in the spring

Before planting various crops, only ready-made humus can be used. Its consistency should be loose, soft and easy to crumble. When ready, the manure is dark in color, slightly brown or completely black. IN ready-made the manure should acquire an earthy smell. The only exception is compost humus, which has a pungent odor.

It is important to ensure the humidity of the humus, it should release a little water when squeezed in the hand. It is introduced into the hole during planting. It is worth using manure in the garden when digging trees.

Manure. A magical substance that allows you to get extraordinary yields. Precious in modern times, and unattainable by many for this reason. But imagine the situation: you suddenly became the proud owner of a huge fresh heap. What will you do? Take it to the beds. And this is wrong. There will be no benefit from such actions. How to use cow dung as a fertilizer? To benefit and the result is fast. Let's figure it out.

We prepare competent fertilizer

The fact is that in the case of fresh cow dung, it will not work quickly. It contains too much nitrate, and the level of urea in it rolls over. All your plants will receive a powerful burn of the root system. So what will be the harvest?

There is an exit. True, you will have to be patient and long enough, at least a year. In order for cow dung to become fertilizer, it must be put in a pile or a tall box. It is not necessary to cover the structure with anything. But it is advisable to thoroughly water it with water. In this form, the bunch is forgotten for at least 5-7 months. During this time, cow dung will begin to actively decompose, releasing nitrogen.

Secret. In order for the decomposition process to continue, and nitrogen not to evaporate too quickly, it is necessary to pour cow dung in a pile with any phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.

After six months, the manure in this design will rot enough to be used as fertilizer in the beds.

But still, particles of grass, straw, grain can still remain in it. It shouldn't scare you. After about a gardening season, not even the slightest trace will remain of them. If you are still unpleasantly worried about the presence of foreign particles in cow dung, you will have to wait another six months. Bacteria will decompose the remains of organic matter into excellent humus.

Advice. To speed up the maturation process of manure, if possible, pour whey, yogurt or old kefir into the pile. Just do not look for or buy these liquids in barrels. For a medium-sized pile, only 2 liters is enough.

Harmless fertilizer

It also happens: people are afraid of worms and pathogenic bacteria. Manure from such owners lies in a pile of 4 years or more. Say, the longer, the safer. This is a deep delusion. Worm eggs and disease-causing microbes die in cow dung from high temperatures, not from time. Even if the manure has lain in a heap for 10 years, this is not at all a guarantee of its safety.

What to do? Raise the temperature inside the heap. This is the only way to be sure that all weed seeds, worm eggs and pathogenic bacteria have died. In order to start warming up cow manure, it is not enough to pour water over it and put it in a box. It is necessary to add any biofuel in the calculation of at least 25% of the total mass. That is, if you have a ton of cow manure at your disposal, you will have to add at least 250 kg of “catalyst”. This role is often played by:

• food waste
• paper
• juicy grass
• straw (hay)
• natural fabrics (cotton rags)
• old sawdust or shavings
• small branches

All these materials, if possible, are crushed, then mixed with manure. If such a procedure is problematic (anything happens), then you can simply lay out the components in layers, according to the pie principle.

Advice. Be sure to thoroughly water each layer. It is high humidity that helps to activate microorganisms that process organic residues into fertilizer.

Ideally, the proportions of cow manure and "catalyst" should be in the ratio of 50 to 50. But in practice, this can be difficult to do. But if you manage to carry out such an operation, then in the end, after about 8-10 months, you will receive excellent fertilizer from cow dung. At the same time, it will be absolutely safe in hygienic terms. Of course, this does not mean that you can eat it with spoons. It can be applied to all cultures without fear. By the way, root crops do not really like such a treat. But above-ground plants - with great pleasure.

Secret. Completely rotted cow dung is a substance similar to greasy earth or compost. By the way, the content of nutrients and nutrients in it is about half lower than in semi-overripe. But this does not at all detract from its value as a rich fertilizer.

Urgent need!

What about those happy owners of cow manure who do not have the opportunity to compost it? Well, you never know, they “help” to use or the land on the site has already become excessively scarce. Such owners will have to knead the mullein. This is a liquid solution that is ready for use after 3-7 days. It just depends on the ambient temperature.

How to make liquid fertilizer from cow dung, procedure:

1. Take a barrel of any size. Better plastic, wooden, but not metal.
2. A quarter filled with fresh cow dung.
3. A quarter of any freshly cut grass. Suitable even from ordinary weeding.
4. Add some yeast and old jam.
5. Pour in clean warm water, not reaching the edges of the container about 20-25 cm.

Now it must be mixed with a wooden stick, covered with a lid and forgotten for 3 days. Or a little more if it's cold outside. The beginning of the fermentation process is indicated by the appearance of foam bubbles on the surface.

How to understand that the mullein is ready to eat? Everything is defined visually. The foam disappears, the characteristic smell of cow dung disappears. There is a smell of humus and rotten grass. The liquid itself becomes cloudy, but noticeably brightens. And the most important feature: all components sink to the bottom, and do not float on the surface.

Everything, cow dung as a fertilizer is completely ready for use. Before direct use, it must be diluted with clean water in a ratio of 1 to 10. The concentrated liquid contains a huge amount of free nitrogen, it will instantly burn small nourishing roots.

To speed up the maturation of cow dung, you can use natural helpers. Earthworms significantly speed up the processes. But in order for them to like such a dwelling, it is not enough to bring them from the garden or from the garden. In addition to manure, there should also be food in the pile. This role is perfectly handled by food waste. In particular:

• banana peel
• sleeping tea brew
• rotten and spoiled fruits, berries

Just do not fill such a pile with ordinary water to the state of a swamp. Earthworms love moisture, but not excessive dampness. By the way, they don't like eggshell. And further. Try to stir up cow dung at least once a week if you use this method. Or pierce through with a thick stick. This will allow oxygen to enter. The decay process will be reduced significantly.

How to use cow dung as a fertilizer? A comic wish, allegedly borrowed from Chinese wisdom, will do here: “Not toropissa (manure must rot), not volnossa (your plants will have time to get treats), and smiles (after all, you are the owner of such wealth)!”

Video: cow dung as fertilizer

Cow dung (obtained from chewed and digested food) is an indispensable organic fertilizer. It is one of the most accessible and effective means to improve soil fertility on the site (along with). Cow manure for fertilizer contains all the necessary useful elements for plants, shrubs and trees.

General information about cow dung

Its advantages:

The disadvantages include the presence of pathogenic bacteria during improper storage (which die during its preparation) and the presence of a specific smell.

The quality of manure directly depends on how much it was stored. The more decomposed the straw in its composition, the more useful substances it contains.

It happens:

• fresh manure;
• slightly decomposed - when the straw is almost in its original form;
• half-rotted - the straw becomes brown, easily torn;
• completely rotted - the mass is black, the straw is not visible;
• humus - loose earthen mass.

The name of cow dung for fertilizer depends on the form in which it is presented.

fresh manure

Do not apply to the soil immediately before planting. The only exception is .

There are several ways to use:

• Embedding in the soil in autumn, before digging (calculated at 3 kg per 1 square meter). It should be borne in mind that all the weed seeds inside will germinate in the spring.
• Creation of a compost heap. Manure is the basis of the compost being laid, mowed grass, leaves, straw, and food waste are added to it. After their decay, a good organic fertilizer is obtained.
• Preparation of mullein (the method of its preparation is described below).

A liquid form of manure rich in potassium and nitrogen. As a fertilizer, only dilute is used: 1 to 10. If the soil is too dry, the concentration must be reduced.

Humus

The best spring top dressing for many cultures. It is possible to apply before spring digging of the site or directly into the holes for planting seedlings. A good result is the use of this organic material for mulching.

Instructions: how to make fertilizer from cow dung

The recipe is quite simple and consists of the following items:

1. In a deep container, pour manure with water, observing the proportions of 1: 5.
2. Mix well, cover with a lid. Insist up to 2 weeks.
3. Once every 3-4 days, the mixture must be thoroughly mixed.

If bubbles appear on the surface, then everything is done correctly.

1. After 14 days, the solution should become lighter.
2. Before using as a fertilizer, the mullein must be diluted with water, about 1 to 2.
3. To increase the nutritional value, ash (0.5 kg) and superphosphate (0.1 kg) can be added to a bucket of the resulting mixture.

The chemical composition of mullein depends mainly on the food that the cow has eaten. But in any case, the nutrients of such a fertilizer are almost completely absorbed by the plants of the garden.

Before feeding the beds, it is advisable to water a little, and only then add the prepared solution. Moreover, it is not recommended to pour it under the root, for these purposes it is better to dig grooves between plantings.

Mullein can also be used for spraying. To do this, it is bred in a ratio of 1:20.

After processing, the plants are less affected by pests and diseases, become stronger, give a quality crop.

Norms of use for various crops

Deciding how to use cow dung as a fertilizer should be based on the needs of the plants:

• the main part of root crops (, turnip,);
• legumes (, beans);

These groups do not need large amounts of nitrogen. Such feeding can even harm them.

• most vegetables (, cucumbers,

  Cow dung is an excellent fertilizer of organic origin, available to every gardener or gardener. But the greatest effect is observed when it is used together with other types of dressings.

  Video: properties of cow dung

  Briefly and to the point about the benefits of cow dung is described in this video: