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It is widely known that plant neighborhood is a factor to be taken into account when planning a vegetable garden. Good neighbors of vegetables have a positive effect on their growth and fruiting. Currently, ecological gardening is very fashionable, in which the choice of a suitable area for plants is of particular importance. It is useful to know which plants interact positively and which interfere with each other, so it is important to consider the compatibility of vegetables when planting.

Why plan to plant vegetables?

Particular attention is paid to the neighborhood of plants and vegetables in organic gardens, which do not use any chemicals to combat plant diseases and pests. Right choice good neighborhood of plants and vegetables is often the most important form in the fight against pathogens. A good neighborhood promotes plant growth, increases resistance to various diseases and repels potential pests.

Unfortunately, it is very easy to break the rules of good neighborliness of plants in the garden. A typical example of a malignant effect is the neighborhood of Weymouth pine and currant, when both species grow side by side or within tens of meters. The currant will be susceptible to rust attack from the pine tree. Also unfavorable is the proximity of pear trees and juniper, whose proximity causes pearl rust on juniper, better known as pear rust. To prevent these diseases cultures are placed away from each other. It is sometimes difficult to avoid such an unfavorable neighborhood, as there is enough space in the garden for utilitarian and decorative plantings.

Colorful mixes of vegetable and ornamental crops

Isn't cabbage adorable? The pride of the garden can be not only new attractive varieties ornamental plants with unusual coloring, but also well-known vegetable crops.

Scattered between dahlias and majors are blue-gray heads of red cabbage and yellow calendula buds, surrounded by purple kohlrabi. The idea to combine cultivated plants with ornamental plants in one gardening area is not new.

In rural gardens and in elite country houses, cabbage and other vegetables occupy a prominent place. The most famous example is the garden of the castle of Villandry in the Loire Valley in France. And in the Charlottenhof Palace in Potsdam, today, as almost 200 years ago, you can admire the corn and eggplant decorating the garden.

Why is good neighborliness of plants so important?

Plants and vegetables should not compete for water, sun and minerals with each other, as this can lead to crop loss. Therefore, planting should be planned in such a way that the crops have enough space for both the development of both the underground and aboveground parts. It is also necessary to select plants that would help each other:

• in development;
• increasing resistance to various diseases;
• repel potential pests.

Particular attention is paid to the neighborhood of plants and vegetables in organic gardens, where no chemicals are used to combat diseases and pests. Neighborhood selection of plants and vegetables is often the most important form in the fight against pathogens.

Examples of Good Neighborhood of Vegetables

Repeated and various research experiments have clearly shown that planting certain types of vegetables next to each other increases their fertility or prevents the occurrence of various diseases.

An example of good neighborliness is the planting of cucumbers and basil on the same bed, which significantly reduces the frequency of mildew. The smell of onions repels pests of carrot roots. Onions also do well with leeks and carrots. Pumpkin prefers to be surrounded by beans, nasturtium and corn. Peas can be sown next to all vegetables, with the exception of the onion family. Instead of potatoes, it is better to plant spinach next to tomatoes and cucumbers. Spinach also grows well with radishes. Carrots, peas, tomatoes, celery and sunflowers do not like potatoes. And its yield increases the proximity of corn, cabbage, spinach, beans or beans. Dill grows best in small beds scattered around the site. Due to this, it suffers less from the attack of aphids.

How do vegetables planted in the same garden affect each other?

So, which vegetables to plant next to each other to get a healthy and high yield? Here are some helpful tips and a summary table of vegetables that are recommended to be planted next to each other.

When properly combined, vegetables planted together support each other, accelerate the development of their neighbors, prevent the occurrence of diseases and protect against pests. This modality in the cultivation process is based on the use of at least two plant species, which, when cultivated side by side, provide many advantages. Among them:

• healthy, bountiful harvest;
• limiting the presence of weeds;
• reducing the number of pests;
• reduction in the frequency of diseases;
• increasing the diversity of crop species;
• garden attractiveness.

When planning the cultivation of vegetables next to each other, the normal circulation of vegetables on the site is taken into account. Closely related species can be grown in the same place, only after a few years.

When planting vegetables next to each other, their growth rate, type of root system, ripening and harvesting period should be taken into account.

Tip #1 For the full development of carrots and parsley, they can be sown between rows of radishes or dill, which are grown for harvest before the underground part of the carrot begins to actively grow.

Tomatoes protect cabbage from moths. You can protect kale the same way. Peas and beans will be an effective barrier against corn pests. Another example of planting vegetables next to each other is parsley, the scent of which keeps pests away.

Favorable and undesirable neighborhood of vegetables

Allelopathy or the interaction of plants with each other can be both positive and negative. Knowledge of interactions between individual plants can be used to protect them and improve yields. It is well known that herbs planted next to vegetables have a positive effect on their development and improve the taste. In turn, the taste and aroma of strawberries are beneficially affected by the proximity to legumes, while onions and conifers spoil them. The interaction may be indirect by deterring or destroying pests of other plants.

The neighborhood of vegetable crops with herbs, flowers, trees and shrubs

Nettle, chamomile and mint create a good atmosphere in the garden. These plants repel pests from vegetables and flowers, and are a savory aphid barrier. And openwork chervil protects against ants, slugs and aphids, prevents mold on lettuce leaves. Several rows of planted mint will protect cabbages and fruit trees from ants.

Marigolds adversely affect vegetable crops. But marigolds planted near a flower bed with vegetables protect them from nematodes. Nasturtiums protect plants from pests - whites, aphids and snails.

1. Grasses should not grow directly under fruit trees, because they inhibit the growth of roots, especially young apple and pear trees. Instead of grass around trees and vineyards, mixtures of legumes such as lupins and mustard are sown. They promote the development of tree roots.
2. Under a pear, it is better to keep black steam, and under fruit trees (especially under apple trees) ranunculus should not grow - peonies and bathing suit.
3. Root secretions from potatoes and tomatoes inhibit the growth of apricot roots. Potatoes are also a bad neighbor for raspberries.
4. Apples and peaches should not grow next to each other.
5. The neighborhood of apple trees and walnuts should be avoided.
6. Under walnut any crops grow poorly due to the action of toxic compounds contained in the leaves of this tree.
7. Apple and pear trees are recommended to be planted in the immediate vicinity of black poplar or ash-leaved maple. These ornamental trees contribute to the development of fruit and increase their resistance to frost.
8. The smell of tomatoes repels gooseberry pests.
9. Foxgloves, tansy and nettle contribute to the development of fruit trees.
10. Nasturtium sown under an apple tree protects the tree from aphids.
11. Horseradish prevents the spread of moniliosis of apple trees.
12. Skorod onion protects against fungal diseases - apple trees from scab, and gooseberries from powdery mildew.
13. Garlic prevents damage to the fruits of trees by a dangerous disease - gray rot.
14. The development of each other is facilitated by dwarf beans and raspberries.
15. Raspberries and blackberries hate mutual neighborhood, but like strawberries and potatoes, they are wonderful neighbors.
16. good neighbors for vine hyssop and lupine.
17. In the immediate vicinity of cabbage and hazelnuts, young grape shoots die.
18. Good neighbors for fruit trees are cucumbers and corn.

Tip #2 By planting blackcurrant, walnut or elderberry on the site, you can get rid of rodents.

Poor compatibility of vegetables when planting

Very often not right neighborhood plants contribute to the development of diseases and pests. These are insect pests and diseases that require two hosts for a complete life cycle. Such pests can cause various diseases, for example, currant kronartium (attacking currant and pine bushes) or pear rust (attacking pears and juniper). From pests of two owners often suffer:

• spruce and larch;
• poplar and carrots;
• currant, gooseberry and birch;
• blackcurrant and pine;
• pear and juniper;
• currant, gooseberry and sedge.

These are just examples of plant diseases and pests that take advantage of poor plant neighborhoods. In order to effectively deal with them, it is necessary to abandon the cultivation of plant pairs that contribute to the development of diseases or harmful organisms.

Why is crop rotation important in growing vegetables?

Crop rotation is an annual change to other crops. This prevents the accumulation of soil pests and pathogens, including nematodes (attacking tomatoes and potatoes), cabbage syphilis, legume base gangrene, and onion white rot.

Constant cultivation of the same species in one place leads to a decrease in yield due to a lack of essential nutrients for a particular crop. Vegetables have different nutritional needs. Besides, different kinds vegetables, depending on the size of their roots are fed from different soil layers. In the table, consider an example of the rotation of vegetables.

The principle of rotation of vegetables on the site is simple and logical. All vegetables belonging to the same family are usually attacked by the same pests. The use of crop rotation is especially important in the cultivation of nightshade, legumes, cruciferous plants and root crops.

Plants such as carrots, parsley, and beets have deep root systems and take in nutrients from deeper soil layers, while lettuce and onions have roots close to the surface. Vegetables that have a deeper root system and are less demanding are grown in the second or third year after manure application. The best option for the correct crop rotation of vegetables, the garden will be divided into four equal parts:

• for plants with high nutrient requirements;
• for plants with low nutrient requirements;
• under root crops;
• for plants for green manure (green manure).

Crop rotation of vegetables: example No. 1

In the first year, celery is planted in the garden, whose root system is highly developed, and penetrates into the soil up to 1.5 m. Before cultivating the crop, manure is introduced into the soil. Celery seedlings are grown in a warm room. Due to the high thermal requirements, one should not rush to transfer celery to open ground. A planted plant too early is prone to premature flowering.

The next year, this area is used to grow plants for green manure, increasing the humus content and nutrients in the soil, and improving its structure.

In the third year, lettuce is sown in the garden, which has a poorly developed root system, but has great nutritional needs.

In the fourth year of the summer season, plants with a strong root system up to 50 cm are grown. Manure or other organic fertilizers are additionally applied.

Crop rotation of vegetables: example number 2

Before planting potatoes, the soil is enriched with manure, as it likes fertile, slightly acidic soil. Active growth potato kills weeds.

The next year, on a still fairly fertile site, vegetables are grown that prefer light, slightly alkaline soil.

In the third year, the bed is used for growing legumes. They are able to capture atmospheric nitrogen and accumulate it in their roots. After harvesting, the plants are dug up so that after their decomposition, the soil is enriched with nitrogen.

In the fourth year, cruciferous vegetables are planted, which do not like alkaline soil.

Crop rotation of vegetables: example #3

After manure is applied to the site, they plant white cabbage. root system which is strong and penetrates deep enough into the soil.

The next year, green manure plants such as lupine and vetch are grown on the site, which increase the humus content and the amount of nutrients in the soil.

In the third year, the site is used for the cultivation of onions. This is due to its need for permeable nutrient-rich soils.

In the final cycle, from March to May, spinach is sown in rows of 20-25 cm.

The most common gardening mistakes

Suggest common mistakes:

1. Growing in low beds. When cultivating several crops in one place, the bed should be high. Layer fertile soil at least 40-50 cm.
2. Corn and cucumbers are good neighbors. But when growing, it is necessary to take into account the fact that this works on large beds, and on narrow cucumbers, corn is not welcome.
3. Using seeds from mixed beds. It is strongly not recommended to use seeds collected from mixed beds for planting.

Answers to current questions of gardeners

Question number 1. Is it possible to sow beans, peas and cucumbers in one hole?

These crops can be sown both in separate and in a common hole.

Question number 2. Can you plant basil in a cucumber garden?

You should not plant cucumbers next to the "fragrant" garden bed, as they will not please you with a good harvest.

Question number 4. How to water mixed beds?

The best option would be to organize drip irrigation, in the absence of this possibility, water the beds only from a watering can.

What and with whom to plant

For every gardener and gardener, the question of which plants should be planted nearby remains relevant. The author of the book Melange Garden, Russian agronomist B. V. Bublik and American farmer D. Jevans, in the book How to Grow More Vegetables... described in detail the interaction of various cultivated plants, which are most often grown in middle lane Russia. Of course, in order to get a good harvest, it is necessary not only to choose the right plants for adjacent beds, but also to provide them with good care. Then all crops will successfully bear fruit and the harvest will be guaranteed.

➣ Ash, wormwood and wheatgrass are distinguished by high production of allelopathic substances. Where these plants appear, all the rest immediately stop growing, especially cultivated ones. Do not leave the listed weeds between the beds or around the perimeter of the garden.

Scientific experiments with labeled atoms have shown that substances secreted by mustard roots enhance the growth of crops such as peas. Legumes, in turn, release a large amount of nitrogenous substances into the soil, which is not acceptable for all plants. However, bush beans grow well next to legumes.

Peas are also a good neighbor for many vegetable crops (tomatoes, potatoes, corn, carrots, cucumbers, radishes, turnips, beans) and herbs (mustard). Peas are planted between the rows of these crops. Next to this representative of the legume family, you can successfully grow lettuce, eggplant, spinach, and celery. If cabbage or other cruciferous vegetables are planted next to peas, then its roots will be protected from decay. Which family the most common cultivated crops in Central Russia belong to can be found in the table.

Beans grow well next to cucumbers. They can be planted around cucumber beds. Also, this culture is favorably combined with potatoes, sweet corn, mustard, radish, radish, spinach. Beans are recommended to be planted between these plants. Good neighbors for beans are oregano, borage, yarrow and rosemary.

Table. Distribution of popular garden and flower plant species by families

The end of the table.

Representatives of plants of the Lily family (various types of onions and garlic) grow very well next to plants of the Umbelliferae (carrots, radishes, celery, parsley and parsnips) and Cruciferous (cabbage) families.

Favorably yes, I also have them next to tomatoes, lettuce, strawberries, potatoes, cucumbers. From flowers, you can plant petunias, chamomiles nearby. Around the beds with onions, it is useful to plant savory and chamomile in small quantities.

Various vegetable crops successfully coexist in the beds with white and black radish.

For many plants, the location near spinach is favorable. Its roots release saponins into the soil, which enhance the growth of many crops (potatoes, tomatoes, beets, beans). Spinach also creates a special microclimate around itself. Its leaves cover the soil and keep it moist and loose. Because of this, spinach is often used as an accompanying plant. It is planted between rows of plants with slower growth, and while the main crops are just emerging, spinach has time to grow and creates favorable conditions for them.

Next to bush beans, a root crop such as radish grows well. This neighborhood has a positive effect on its taste and size, and also protects against damage by worms and cabbage flies. It is recommended to plant radishes 2 weeks before planting bush beans.

Watercress and nasturtium will also help grow large radishes.

For beans, it will be useful if you plant a little celery nearby. Beans grow well along with cucumbers, corn, cabbage, strawberries, pumpkins, beets, carrots. The taste of beans is positively affected by the savory growing nearby.

good neighbors for vegetable plants sometimes there are spicy herbs and flowers. For example, amaranth has a positive effect on eggplant. Lettuce can be planted between eggplants, and basil around them.

For watermelons, adjacent areas with potatoes, oats, corn and peas will be useful. For melon, only radish is a good neighbor.

Cabbage has many varieties. The most popular of them are white, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kohlrabi. They grow better next to onions (any), beans, herbs (mint, chamomile, sage, dill). Potatoes have a positive effect on the taste of cabbage, so these plants are suitable for mixed planting.

Dill, sown between the rows of cabbage, significantly improves its taste.

For the most common type of cabbage, white, the best plants- neighbors are onions, potatoes, lettuce, celery, radishes, bush beans and dill.

Broccoli grows well next to onions, lettuce, beets and celery.

For potatoes, successful neighbors in the garden are eggplant, beans, cabbage (especially cauliflower), corn, carrots, beets, lettuce, radishes, beans, horseradish, garlic, and from herbs and flowers - amaranth, nasturtium, tansy, coriander, spinach. With a mixed planting, potatoes are more resistant to diseases.

Corn creates a shadow next to it, in which cucumbers, watermelons, pumpkins grow well. For corn itself, bush and curly beans, potatoes, and soybeans turn out to be a favorable neighbor.

Legumes enrich the soil with nitrogen, which is very necessary for corn, which, in turn, brings this climbing plants useful as a support. You can also plant tomatoes, lettuce, sunflowers next to corn.

Pepper favorably coexists with basil. These plants help each other grow.

A place next to cucumbers is suitable for peas, cabbage and cauliflower, kohlrabi, radish, onion, lettuce, celery, beets, parsley, sunflowers and beans. Also, tansy and sow thistle have a positive effect on cucumbers. Dill, sown among cucumbers, prolongs the period of their fruiting, and therefore increases the yield.

For parsnips, a place next to legumes and radishes will be useful.

Next to the celery bed, you can plant tomatoes, cabbage, leeks, bush beans. In the shade of these plants, celery grows more fragrant.

Crops such as legumes, carrots, cucumbers and radishes are planted with lettuce.

Tomatoes do well in garden beds next to onions, garlic, carrots, parsley and many flowering plants. If nettles are next to the tomatoes, then they will have a more pronounced taste. Also, the tubular monarda contributes to the growth of this favorite vegetable crop and the improvement of its taste characteristics.

To get a good harvest of beets, it is useful to plant carrots, cabbage (with the exception of cauliflower), radishes, lettuce, parsley and dill nearby.

For pumpkins, you can pick up neighbors such as corn, nasturtiums. Sow thistle growing nearby may be useful.

A place next to a radish is suitable for carrots, cucumbers, parsnips, beets, tomatoes, pumpkins, and spinach.

Spicy herbs release a large amount of aromatic substances with volatile properties into the external environment. Thus, they affect those plants that are planted nearby. Spicy herbs are widely used in cooking and medicine and are often found in gardens among vegetables and berry plants. It is also necessary to select them correctly for joint landings.

Most vegetables are favorably affected by parsley, borage, lavender, marjoram, hyssop, chervil, chamomile, savory, thyme, sage, dill growing nearby. Dandelion helps vegetables and apple trees grow. This plant releases a substance (ethylene) into the environment, which accelerates the ripening of fruits.

Many herbs release substances into the environment that have a beneficial effect on other plants (repel pests, disinfect the air, enhance growth). Such plants are called companion plants. These include anise, basil, mustard leaf, coriander, hyssop, mint, marjoram, lemon balm, cumin, dill.

Some herbs are able to enhance the aromatic properties of each other. For example, if you plant a yarrow next to a nettle, then it will be more odorous, and if mint, its content will increase. essential oils 2 times.

➣ If you plant an oak, birch, linden or poplar next to the garden, then fruit trees will be in comfortable conditions and will be less sick and bear fruit well. These trees can be placed on personal plot or along the edges of the garden.

Oregano and marjoram have a positive effect on the growth and taste of many cultivated plants.

Serpentine (Turkish mint) creates a shade in which cucumbers feel good, which is reflected in their yield.

Coriander is a good neighbor for anise, cumin and many vegetables. It has a positive effect on the structure of the soil, and therefore, next to the overwintered coriander, you can plant vegetables without digging up a bed.

It is useful to plant hyssop next to grapes, this significantly increases the yield of the latter.

Lovage can be planted anywhere in the garden. It is a useful neighbor for many vegetables and improves their taste, increases resistance to disease.

Mint is found in many vegetable gardens. This plant is useful to plant next to tomatoes and cabbage. The harvest will be more abundant, and the taste of vegetables will improve. Mint grows well among sorrel. The main thing is to ensure that the mint does not grow too much.

Strawberries grow better next to borage grass (borago). It is important not to let it grow and cut the bushes in a timely manner. Also, borage increases the resistance of other plants to various diseases. It enhances the growth of peas, cabbage, onions, beans, and many herbs.

Parsley has a positive effect on the taste of tomatoes. You can plant it around rose bushes. A good neighborhood is parsley and onion. First, parsley seeds are sown in rows in the spring, and after 2 weeks, leek seedlings are planted between them. Both crops will grow well.

The following crops grow well next to celery: onions, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, beans, spinach.

A plant such as rue goes well on a plot with vegetable and flower crops, as well as fruit trees and shrubs.

Dill in many gardens grows by self-sowing. This does not always have a positive effect on the yield. The roots of this plant secrete substances that are not good for all vegetables. Therefore, it is better to plant dill specifically next to lettuce, cabbage, onions, cucumbers.

Sage is a useful neighbor for all types of cabbage and carrots, as well as strawberries.

Thyme has a beneficial effect on vegetables growing nearby and improves their taste. It is especially suitable for tomatoes, eggplant and potatoes. Savory improves eggplant growth.

Some weeds can be useful neighbors for cultivated plants. The Japanese farmer-scientist Masanobu Fukuoka, the founder of one of the directions in organic farming, came to the conclusion that it is not necessary to carry out continuous weeding in the fields and gardens or use herbicides. He believes that weeds contribute to maintaining soil fertility and balance in biogeocenoses. M. Fukuoka recommends not completely destroying weeds, but periodically mow or limit their growth using mulching. He also advises to create a grass cover in soil gardens from useful weeds or green manure. This has become commonplace in Japan and it is extremely rare to find bare earth in gardens there. With insufficient soil moisture in dry areas, the near-stem circles around the trees are left free for watering and care, and the rest of the territory in the gardens is planted with ground cover green manure. This principle can also be applied in small private gardens. On free vast areas among ground cover plants, beds with cultivated plants (vegetables, herbs) can be placed. For example, small islands of thistle in the garden promote the growth of onions, corn and tomatoes. The main thing is not to let this weed grow.

Various herbs are used for planting between rows in vineyards. Plants useful for grapes additionally protect the soil from erosion by water during irrigation and overdrying. The greatest benefit for the growth of grapes comes from corn. For him, auxiliary vegetable crops are also good neighbors - oil radish and radish. Parsley has a healing effect on vineyards. Contribute to the growth of grapes peas, onions, cauliflower, watercress, beets. Less significant for increasing the yield of grapes are beans, strawberries, carrots, cucumbers, melons, dill.

Of the trees and shrubs for grapes, pear, Chinese magnolia vine and actinidia are compatible. These plants can be planted next to each other. You can also plant grapes and actinidia around a fence or gazebo.

Increase the yield of grapes can and flower plants, such as asters, geraniums, forget-me-nots, phlox. They do not benefit, but the irises planted nearby do not harm this plant either.

From plants you can create around the garden or vegetable garden hedge. At the same time, shrubs for it must be selected taking into account not only decorativeness or height, but also compatibility with grown plants. Beautiful and useful for the harvest hedges of privet, elderberry, spirea, wild rose. These shrubs have a healing effect on the garden. In the garden, the cultivation of cherries and raspberries in the neighborhood significantly increases the yield. Apple and raspberries heal each other. Raspberries accumulate nitrogen in themselves and increase the oxygen content in the soil, which is beneficial for the apple tree. It is recommended to plant these crops close to each other, but make sure that the raspberries do not grow too much.

The combination of barberry with plum or honeysuckle in the garden has a positive effect on the harvest.

Strawberries grow well under sea buckthorn and some medicinal plants(oregano, chamomile). It is useful to plant onions between currant bushes and leave them in the winter.

Hawthorn grows well at a distance of 4 m from cherries and cherries. If these trees are planted closer, then the hawthorn will be in the shade and wither away.

Good neighbors are an apple tree with a pear. Between them, they maintain a distance of at least 3.5-4 m, otherwise when the trees grow, they will be crowded and the effect will be the opposite.

Dogwood grows safely and bears fruit next to an apricot. You can even plant these plants close to each other, they will still be compatible. Dogwood can grow even with a walnut, which is a single plant. Next to it, all other cultivated plants grow poorly.

At a distance of 5 m from each other, it is permissible to plant plums and cherries. They will bear fruit well. The plum should not be allowed to be between the cherry and the cherry. Under such conditions, the tree will die.

For strawberries, nearby parsley, bush beans, spinach will be useful. You can also plant onions, cabbage, radishes, radishes, lettuce, beets and garlic next to it.

If the land plot is zoned for a garden and a vegetable garden, then spicy herbs (anise, basil, lemon balm, coriander, parsley, thyme and tarragon) are planted between fruit trees and vegetable crops.

In order to navigate the choice of cultivated plants for cultivation, as well as the timing of their planting and location on the site, it is recommended to draw a diagram of the garden in advance. This will help to properly position the beds with different plants, outline mixed plantings, check the compatibility of all plants growing next to each other. The following year, this scheme must be changed according to the rules of crop rotation. For this, it is necessary to additionally take into account the compatibility of plants with predecessors.

When selecting plants for nearby beds, it is also necessary to take into account the fact that some plants are defenders against any diseases or pests (animals, insects, worms).

Plant compatibility can be used to increase overall yield in another way. Plants for compacted plantings are also selected taking into account the height and volume that they occupy. Choosing the right plants, you can make compacted beds.

Plants planted next to each other will not interfere with each other, but, on the contrary, mutually reinforce growth. Care for them is almost the same, so they grow comfortably in the same bed.

Compacted landings can be done at once, i.e. sow the bed with immediately selected crops, or in stages. You can harvest some crops and plant others in the vacant place. This approach allows not only to grow healthy and well-bearing plants, but also to save land.

On the compacted beds, the main plant and the compacting plant are isolated. Usually the latter is more short term achieve technical maturity.

Eggplants, carrots, corn, zucchini, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, squash, cucumbers, beets, celery are often used as the main crops. Sealing crops are onions, cauliflower and Beijing cabbage, lettuce, radish, beans, pumpkin, garlic, dill. Usually, compact and undersized plants. It is important to correctly position the main and compact crops on the same bed. For example, the central part of the garden can be occupied with beets, and plant radishes, lettuce, dill in rows along the edges.

The compact crops produce quickly and are removed from the garden, while the main crop continues to grow until the end of summer or autumn.

➣ Berry bushes can be included in the hedges. In this case, the protective barrier turns out to be more dense and even prickly. Of the berry bushes, gooseberries, raspberries, and blackcurrants are suitable for this. Next to each other, they bear fruit well.

Plants such as tomato, cabbage, take up a lot of space in the beds and are combined with small vegetables - onions, carrots, radishes. Quick release crops (Beijing cabbage, lettuce, spinach) are good to plant as compacting plants or after the main crops have been harvested. For long-growing crops (carrots, parsley), it is recommended to plant plants that quickly reach technical maturity.

Optimal for compacted beds are combinations of tomato and pepper with basil; cabbage and tomatoes with mint; parsley with tomatoes, peas or strawberries; onions, cucumbers, lettuce or cabbage with dill.

Plan your garden and orchard better in winter in order to grow seedlings of the necessary vegetable and green crops in a timely manner, prepare beds on the site and successfully plant them in the intended places (Fig. 1.2).

Figure 1. Compacted bed with onions, spinach and carrots

In order for plants on the same bed not to interfere with the growth of each other, it is necessary to take into account not only their allelopathic properties. It is not recommended to plant nearby crops belonging to the same species, as they will consume the same nutrients from the soil. It must be taken into account that tall plants create a shadow for lower plants, which is not always useful for the latter. It is also necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the root system of plants when combined plantings. If their roots lie at the same level in the soil, then the impact of colins will be more significant, and competition for nutrients and moisture will increase.

Figure 2. Compacted bed with beets and lettuce