creative project

TRACTOR

Selection and justification of the project

The main thing in this project is that the product can be made independently. The knowledge gained in the process of studying the technology of wood processing turned out to be sufficient in order to manufacture the Traktor product.

The manufacture of the product contributes to the consolidation of the previously studied material according to the technology: “Marking blanks from wood”, “Sawing wood”, “Drilling holes”, “Burning”, “Scraping products”, “Polishing”, “Varnishing products”.

The equipment of the training workshops allows me to carry out this project, this work is not dangerous.

For the manufacture of the "Tractor" product, the following factors must be taken into account:

Economic Used

Equipment construction costs

Used

Interior TRACTOR materials

Control Technology Time

manufacturing manufacturing test

Design requirements

When designing an object, one should take into account its reliability, durability, versatility, ease and simplicity of assembly, maximum weight and dimensions, design requirements (organism and integrity of the external form, proportionality, harmony of the line).

Material selection

Of the possible materials, wood turned out to be the most acceptable, since its cost is relatively low, it is easily processed, and lends itself well to artistic decoration. Wood is widely used in the national economy, furniture, paper, sports equipment and toys are made from it.

Wood has a relatively high strength, is well processed by cutting tools, wooden parts are easily glued together, connected with nails and screws. Wood products have a beautiful appearance and that's why I used wood.

Product manufacturing technology

For manufacturing, we use the following basic operations: pattern marking, sawing, drilling, product finishing, joining parts, varnishing.

The greatest difficulty is the work associated with assembly and finishing, as there are many different options, and you need to choose the most optimal one.

Various product finishes

Cleaning Burnout Varnishing

WAYS Application

Firing

Coloring

Mordant

decorative

Inlay drilling

Cleaning, staining and varnishing are suitable for my work. Therefore, we choose these finishing methods.

After I sawed out all the details of the product, I began to prepare them. I preliminarily cleaned the outer and inner contours of the parts from burrs, irregularities and other possible errors. Then he started painting. Coloring in the finishing of products cannot be independent, it is only used to highlight polished wood with aniline paints, mordants, stains, and later the painted things are covered with finishing layers - varnishes. This coloring gives the wood the desired color, emphasizes the natural structure of the fibers (texture), imitates the color of valuable species.

Various options for connecting parts of the product

Connection TYPES OF CONNECTION Connection

On nails on spikes

Connection Connection

on glue on screws

The details of the product are assembled on glue, nails, so that the connection is strong and outwardly neat.

Tool selection

For the manufacture of the product, I used the following tools: a pencil, a hacksaw, a drill with a set of drills for drilling holes, files, a set of needle files, a ruler, a student square, a compass,

Routing

Work sequence

Graphic

image

Instruments,

fixtures

Tractor manufacturing

Select workpiece 80 X 80 X 130 mm

Mark the workpiece according to the template

Template, pencil

Sawing according to the markup

Hacksaw, saw,

wooden vise

Saw off the side surface of the workpiece 2 at an angle of 45 0

Hacksaw, workbench, miter box

Carry out planing

Workbench, planer

Mark the centers of the holes and drill them (Ø 3.2 mm)

Ruler, pencil, vise, drill, drill,

Blunt ribs

Workbench, file

Clean the ends and sand the product

grinding

Chamfer 5 X 45 O

File

Paint with watercolor paint

Coat the product with varnish. Check product quality.

Wheel manufacturing

Select a workpiece

80 X 80 X 150 mm

Mark the workpiece and cut the edges of the octahedron

Ruler, pencil, thickness gauge, planer, workbench

Install the workpiece in the trident of the machine and grind Ø 70 mm and Ø 44 mm

lathe, caliper,

Cut ends

Lathe, ruler, hacksaw

Clean up

sandpaper

Remove the part, saw off, the ends and clean them

Hacksaw with fine teeth, file

Product assembly

drill

wheel holes Ø 3 mm

Drill, drill

Set axes

on wheels

welding electrode

Bucket installation

Tin can, solder, soldering iron

Economic costs

For the manufacture of the product you will need:

Material

Price

Wood

1 m 3 - 3200 rubles.

1 tube - 18 rubles.

0.25 tube

1 bottle - 35 rubles.

0.33 bottles,

1 bottle - 45 rubles.

0.33 bottles,

60 rub.

The manufacture of the Traktor product does not require large economic costs (only 60 rubles), as well as time costs, it will take approximately 4-5 hours.

Used Books

1) Textbook "Technology. 5.6 cells", Simonenko V.D., 2000, Moscow;

2) Ryzhenko V.I. Woodwork, 2004, Moscow;

3) Ryzhenko V.I., Yurov V.I. Carpentry and turning works, 2004, Moscow

According to the new federal standards, creative work on technology is an obligatory part of the educational process. Such activities should demonstrate those skills that were acquired by the student in technology lessons. Through this work, they can show their individuality. In addition, creative work on technology helps the child to use theoretical knowledge in practice.

Why technology projects are needed

Technology projects as a learning option

Let's try to figure out what a creative technology project is. An example of such an activity is the creation of a wooden stool. Before proceeding with the direct assembly of the product, the project participants study theoretical issues (elements of the product, options for fastening parts), pay attention to safety.

DIY stool

The Stool project seems simple only at first glance. In reality, the situation is much more complicated, because you need to choose the optimal dimensions of the legs, the parameters of the base of the stool, in order to get not only a beautiful, but also a stable product. The project may contain elements of research, abstracts, reports. For example, you can analyze how the shape and appearance of a stool has changed, trace the use of raw materials to create it. Creative work of this kind is based on the independence of schoolchildren.

Each creative project on technology (any example can be given: embroidery, wood carving) is aimed at the cooperation of the student and the teacher. Already at an early age, the child develops the initial skills of professional skills, on the basis of which the child can choose his future profession. In such activities, several types of work are combined at once: pair, individual, group, collective. The teacher is a consultant, partner, coordinator, and the main share of the work falls on the shoulders of the students themselves. Each creative technology project (examples will be given below) encourages children to acquire new skills and knowledge. Working on a particular topic, students get a specific result, which has a positive effect on their self-esteem.

Project "Soft toy"

Not all girls love to sew, but without exception, everyone loves soft toys. In order to connect their love of soft toys with the usual technology lessons, you can implement a project to make a fluffy bunny. The purpose of the work will be the creation of a soft toy. Initial materials for work - pieces of fur, threads, a needle, filler for a toy, cardboard for a pattern. The project involves working in a group. One girl will be engaged in the pattern of the future bunny. You can choose a ready-made pattern or make it yourself. The task of the second needlewoman is to connect the parts. Another project participant will fill the finished parts with soft filler. In the final stage, in which individual parts will be connected to each other, all girls will take part.

Examples of creative projects for girls

In order to give your mother an original gift on March 8, it is not necessary to spend money, you can do it yourself. The creative project "Postcard to Mom" ​​involves the creation of a beautiful postcard using the scrapbooking technique. At the first stage, the girls get acquainted with the features of technology, consider finished products. Then, together with the teacher, they set a goal: to make an unusual and bright postcard. To achieve this goal, materials are selected: colored cardboard, satin ribbons, figured hole punches, halves of pearls. Next, an action plan is outlined, the sequence of work is analyzed, and responsibilities are distributed among the project participants. A creative technology project is an example of using available materials to obtain an original result. We propose a sequence of actions:

1. We bend ordinary cardboard in half, choosing the desired size of the postcard (10 by 15 cm, 20 by 25 cm).
2. Next, using a figured hole punch, we give the card an unusual shape, cut off the edges. The shape can also be given with the help of commercially available ones.
3. We proceed to the most important moment - the design of the outer part of the postcard. At this stage, girls will be able to show their creative abilities, come up with satin ribbon bows for decoration, unusual pictures. As an additional touch, you can consider attaching halves of pearls.
4. While one group is designing the front of the postcard, the second group can think about the internal content: text, design. The easiest way is to print a finished template on a color printer, but poems or congratulations of your own composition will be much more pleasant for mothers.
5. At the end, you need to glue a congratulation to the finished postcard.

Such a project will surely unite the girls and help the teacher solve a lot of problems related to the interpersonal relationships of teenagers.

An example of an individual technology project

As an example of a project that one student must complete, we will give crochet. In order to make a knitted handbag, a girl must first acquire theoretical knowledge. The teacher introduces the crochet technique, helps to choose a product model, choose threads. In a place with a mentor, the needlewoman chooses the size of the product, the knitting option, its density. The second stage of the project involves the individual work of a schoolgirl. The task of the teacher is to periodically control the quality of the resulting product, as well as help in case of difficulties and difficulties. The end result of such a project should be a finished product - an unusual knitted handbag.

Conclusion

A teacher who uses project technology in his work meets the requirements that are imposed on him as part of the transition to new education standards. It is in such joint activities with students that trusting relationships are formed, all the prerequisites for the comprehensive development of the child's personality arise. Attempts to find together the answer to the task set by the teacher contribute to the formation of communication skills. Schoolchildren who have experience working on a variety of projects do not experience difficulties when studying in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions.

Educational activities according to the Federal State Educational Standards involve not just memorizing theoretical material, but working it out on specific examples. More fruitful cooperation in the process of work between students and the teacher leads to the formation of skills to set a goal, to look for a rational way to achieve it. Analytical skills acquired in technology lessons will help children make quick and correct decisions in everyday life. The project approach is distinguished by humanism, respect for the personality of the student, and a positive charge. This activity is aimed primarily at the development of the child's personality, solving the problem of adaptation in modern society.

The task of the teacher is not only to teach the child the basics of his subject and how to apply the knowledge gained in practice, but also to instill in a person a sense of beauty. Teachers of music, visual arts, and technology are most successful in completing the latter task. Helps them in this application of various projects. Especially popular are creative ones for girls.

What it is

A creative project on technology is a student on the creation of this or that thing. Often the process takes several lessons and is carefully supervised by the teacher. The teacher helps to decide on a topic, find or make a sketch, and perform preparatory work to create a product.

Through the use of creative projects, girls can try themselves as designers or cooks, show their skills and abilities, and most importantly, realize their potential.

When planning to use creative technology projects for girls in the course of teaching, the teacher should carefully consider their topics and their relationship with the curriculum. The main areas in which projects can be set:

Cooking;

satin stitch embroidery;

Patchwork techniques;

Knitting;

beading;

Making toys and dolls;

Production of products for interior decoration.

When to enter?

One of the most frequently asked questions is when to introduce creative tech projects for girls? 5th grade is the perfect time to introduce projects. Children will quickly grasp the essence of such tasks, learn how to quickly and efficiently perform them. This will all be a huge plus, especially if you plan to give such tasks throughout your studies.

What does a technology project include?

What is included in the project? Often, a technology project includes the choice of the direction and topic of work, the selection of materials and the manufacture of a particular product from them. Each of the stages of work is fixed and then drawn up by the student in the so-called presentation. To protect the project, a presentation is also required.

For example, consider creative technology projects for girls (grade 5). The apron is one of the main topics studied. You can offer children not only to sew a standard thing according to a finished sample, but to prepare a sketch of the product themselves, make patterns, choose the right fabric and sew it.

Further evaluation can be carried out on a competitive basis, taking into account when grading not only the type of product, but also the quality of the stitches, the correctness of the drawings.

The optimal time when you can implement such creative technology projects for girls is grade 5. An apron sewn during their implementation can be a great gift for March 8 to mom or grandmother.

Sample project topics

Depending on the topic and its goals, such tasks can be distinguished for creative projects.

When studying arts and crafts, the following topics can be suggested:

Panel of cereals;

Making souvenirs from improvised material;

Salt dough products;

Photo frame;

Papier-mâché products.

At the beginning of the study of technology, such creative technology projects for girls will be very interesting. Grade 5 just implies simple simple tasks.

The second block of sample topics is related to the study of needlework. It implies the ability to sew simple things both with a machine and with a simple needle. This includes the following topics:

Making a charm doll;

Do-it-yourself potholder for the kitchen;

Cushion;

Needle bed.

The age for which these creative technology projects for girls are suitable is grade 6.

The next block of tasks is related to the theme "Weaving". In most cases, these tasks are related to work with beads and beads. Before starting work, it is advisable to explain to children the features of working with beads - how to choose it correctly, how to choose a fishing line or wire for weaving, additional materials. These include the following subtopics:

Beaded gift

Bead decoration.

Making flowers from beads.

The age for which these creative technology projects for girls are suitable is grade 6, graduation 5, beginning 7.

One of the most large-scale topics that are given a lot of time in technology lessons is embroidery. The topic involves mastering several embroidery techniques - embroidery with ribbons, satin stitch, cross stitch, beads. For each type, the following topics can be suggested:

Embroidery pattern;

Embroidered napkin;

Embroidered tablecloth;

Embroidered towel.

You can also give the children the opportunity to choose for their own project.

Another group of project topics is suitable for consolidating the knowledge and skills gained in the study of the basics of knitting.

So, you can use the following tasks:

Creating a heating pad;

Knitting soft toys;

Macrame.

When it is best to use these topics when consolidating crochet skills. For knitting needles you can use:

Warm socks;

Knitted vest.

The age for which these creative technology projects for girls are relevant is grade 7.

Pillowcase;

Do-it-yourself apron;

We sew a skirt;

We sew shorts;

Summer top.

Note that the above creative technology projects for 8th grade girls are best suited.

The older the child becomes, the more complex the subject of his work becomes. After the 8th grade, it is important to set large projects, the implementation of which will take at least one quarter, a maximum of a semester. The main topics for such large-scale projects:

Creation of a masquerade costume;

Modeling and tailoring of a sundress;

Dress tailoring.

The age at which children can master such creative technology projects for girls is grade 10.

It should be noted that another theme of the projects is related to cooking. This type of creative project can be given one or two lessons, during which children can find or make their own recipe and prepare a dish. It is best to do this at the end of the semester, the academic year.

The main stages of work on the project

All stages of performing creative tasks are divided into:

1. Search, when a child chooses a direction, searches or creates a sketch or drawing, selects material.
2. Technological - during which the main work on the product or project is performed.
3. Analytical, during which the child evaluates the result, its merits and benefits.

Operating procedure

Basically, creative technology projects for girls are carried out according to the following plan:

1. Selecting a project topic.

2. Drawing up a sketch.

3. Drawing up drawings or patterns.

4. Choice of materials.

5. Product manufacturing.

6. Preparation of an explanatory note.

7. Preparing a presentation.

8. Protection of the finished project.

Explanatory note

As already mentioned, ready-made creative projects on technology for girls should contain an explanatory note. It consists of the following elements:

title page;

Introductions;

Rationale for choosing an idea;

product sketch;

List of materials used;

drawings;

In the case of tailoring a product - laying out patterns on fabric;

Samples of used seams or types of knitting, other techniques;

fixture list;

Environmental soundness;

Economic calculations;

List of sources;

Application for safety regulations;

Presentation

A big plus when defending a project is the presence of a presentation. When preparing it, you should use photographs of the finished product, the stages of its creation. You can use a historical reference, which will indicate when and where this type of art originated.

Evaluation

Let's take an example of how creative technology projects for girls are evaluated. Grade 8 provides for sewing any thing, for example, a skirt. The assessment should take into account:

1. The correctness of taking measurements.
2. The correctness of the construction of drawings and patterns.
3. Line quality.
4. The appearance of the model.

It is important for the teacher to indicate in advance all the assessment criteria, to explain what exactly he will pay attention to. At the same time, it is important that projects end up with “excellent” or “good” ratings. Otherwise, students may be disappointed in their work.

To evaluate the received projects, you can also involve other students, for example, to vote - which products they liked the most.

conclusions

One of the lessons that a creative project involves is technology. Girls love needlework, especially if they are given freedom of choice when designating a topic or task. Thanks to the use, teenagers learn to apply the knowledge gained during the training in practice, develop creatively. Projects are best used if the study of a topic lasts more than 8-10 lessons.

Municipal educational institution

« Secondary school No. 17 "

Creative project on technology on the topic:

Done by: 7th grade student

Golysheva Kristina

Leader: technology teacher

O. V. Grechishkina

Bogoroditsk 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction……………………………………………………………….3

1. Goals and objectives of the project……………………………………………….. 3

1. Rationale for the choice of the project topic…………………………………. 3

   Product options……………………………………………………. 4

Main part………………………………………………………. . five

2.1 History of embroidery with satin ribbons…………………………… 5

2.2 Selection of materials and tools and safety precautions……… 6

2.3 Sketch of the product…………………………………………………………….. 8

2.4 Manufacturing technology of the product…………………………………….. .9

2.5 Environmental assessment of the project……………………………………….10

2.6 Economic evaluation of the project……………………………………… 11

3 Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 12

3.1 Self-assessment…………………………………………………………..... 13

3.2 Results of the work…………………………………………………………. 13

5 Literature ……………………………………………………………..15

INTRODUCTION

1. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

aim creative project is the implementation of such a product, which most fully represented my knowledge, skills, acquired in the process of learning at technology lessons.

Tasks project:

1. Develop and execute a project.

2. Make a picture according to the project.

3. Improve the skills and techniques of work acquired in technology lessons.

4. Evaluate the work done.

1. RATIONALE FOR THE CHOICE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC

In our house there are things embroidered and decorated by my grandmother and great-grandmother. These are paintings, towels, napkins.

Beautiful products still keep the warmth of their hands and hearts, and at one time they were a fabulous decoration of a simple village house.

Even as a child, looking at these products, I dreamed of becoming a needlewoman like them. Therefore, for me, the ability to embroider is an opportunity to join the beautiful.

I got this skill from my grandmother, and now I really want to use it to decorate my house. My mom's birthday is coming soon. I decided to give her a present. She has a small shelf in her room. At this place, I decided to make her a bright picture. I think that she will decorate the interior of her room. After all, the best gift for parents is one that is made by hand.

I know that today in all countries there is a revival of interest in embroidery, a lot of relevant literature is being published: books, magazines, manuals. Embroidery gives very great opportunities to make any decorative product. Currently, embroidery with satin ribbons is relevant. I decided to take up this art.

1. PRODUCT OPTIONS

Option number 1. Making a picture in the technique of hand embroidery with ribbons. Yes, I can do it, no problem ... financially, but it takes a lot of time. I have little experience with this technique.

Option number 2. Making a picture embroidered with beads. It is suitable for interior decoration, but it is too simple.

Option number 3. A picture made with satin ribbons is not a bad idea! It can be made from satin ribbons, inserted into a frame. I have no doubts about the need for such a picture, because it will decorate the interior of the apartment. It will not take much time to make a picture, but how much beauty and comfort it will bring to the interior of the house. Thus, I made my choice! I decided to “paint” the picture myself with ribbons. We'll see what happens in the end!

MAIN PART

2.1 HISTORY OF EMBROIDERY WITH SATIN RIBBONS

Since ancient times, narrow strips of fabric have been used in everyday life and economic activities of people. Already in ancient Greece, women wove strips of fabric into their hair to “revive” their image.

Headbands adorned with gold and precious stones were also woven into the hair in ancient Rome.

In addition, clothes were trimmed with colored ribbons, and each social class had its own color and material. In the Middle Ages in Italy, the backs of chairs and canopies were already decorated with ribbons, as well as heavy curtains were tied up with which windows were closed to protect against the cold in winter.

But only inXIVcentury, the domestic use of silk ribbons began to expand. The traditions of weaving in Lyon and the favorable climatic conditions of southern Europe contributed to the rapid development of the production of valuable silk thread. After the papal curia moved to Avignon, under the tutelage of the French king, noblemen began to flaunt in luxurious clothes trimmed with ribbons with a gold border or brocade ribbons, according to the rank and origin of the wearer.

In 1446 the future King LouisXIinvited Italian weavers to teach their art to the people of Lyon. Nothing came of this idea, but a variety of machines were brought to the city both for silk dressing and for making silk ribbons. The demand for ribbons continued to grow, and Lyon gradually turned into a major textile center. In 1560, there were already fifty thousand weavers who made various, including expensive and extravagant, silk ribbons, and to the south, in Velzy and Saint-Etienne and the surrounding area, there are already about eighty

Thousand looms for the production of ribbons and three hundred and seventy - for the production of braided products (braid, galloon, lace). At the beginningXVIIIcentury, the demand for these goods increased sharply, and a period of rapid distribution of luxurious and beautiful ribbons began. King Louis of FranceXIVdecorated with ribbons toilet jewels, even his shoes and ordered the court to dress in an original way with fiction.

The Rococo era came, and frivolity became the style of the French court. King LouisXVHe loved to embroider and often gave the ladies of the court cute trinkets made by himself. Dresses became voluminous and spacious, richly decorated with ribbons. “Flying dresses” with unstitched folds (tucks) on the chest and numerous ribbons came into fashion.

It was during these times that embroidery with silk ribbons appeared in France. At first, noble ladies began to decorate their dresses, decorating corsages with small roses "a la rococo", leaves and many scattered flowers with pearls and crystals.

Then it was time for the laundry. It became more and more luxurious and refined. In the studio, which bore the high title of "Suppliers of the Royal Court", with the help of a simple needle and ribbons, real masterpieces were created. Now they show off in museum showcases around the world - from London to Pretoria.

From France, this type of embroidery migrated to the islands, to England. And from there it spread to all countries of the former British Empire. Together with the settlers and the Old World, he came to America, where he quickly gained popularity. This art flourished in the 1970s.XIXcenturies. By that time, embroidery could be seen not only on dresses, but also on umbrellas, lampshades, quilts, knick-knacks for the home and hats.

After World War II, public interest in all types of needlework began to decline. But within the last two decades, a revival of embroidery has begun.

Interest returned, and this art again shone with all its facets. After all, sewing with silk ribbons is extremely entertaining, it does not require complex devices and large upfront costs. In addition, simple and well-known embroidery techniques are used here. And the three-dimensional pattern is so attractive that we can, without any doubt, say that in the coming years this type of embroidery is expected to be widespread and successful.

2.2 SELECTION OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS

Needles

Different needles are used for embroidery: thin - for light fabrics, thick - for dense ones. When sewing with silk ribbon, sharp needles are used, because they must freely enter the fabric without forming unaesthetic puffs. The eye of the needle should be elongated so that you can easily see the tape and it slides over it without twisting. In this way, possible breaks can be avoided. For tapes with a width of 7.9.12 mm, needles No. 18 - 22 are selected; for a tape of 3 mm, No. 24 is recommended.

Ribbons

decorative ribbons used for decoration only.Silk Ribbons . They come in various widths and various colors. They can be used for embroidery on any kind of fabric.Organza ribbons and braid used in embroidery to create volume and transparency.Finishing tapes and braid There are several types: voile ribbon (with a heel, smooth or with an insert in the center of satin), satin ribbon (smooth, pleated, pleated), lace ribbon (with beads, gathered).

Embroidery threads

They are required to create the basis (contour) for some seams or to secure the tape on the wrong side at the end of the work.

Beads and beads

They are used for decoration and give the embroidery a special elegance.

fabrics

A wide variety of fabrics can be used for the base when embroidering with silk ribbon. Cotton fabrics: gunny, cambric, plush, muslin, satin. Linen fabrics: rough linen, thin linen, rough linen, linen with a uniform warp. Silk fabrics: chiffon, chescha, silk tulle. Woolen fabrics: crepe, tweed, jersey. You can embroider on any surface, as long as the fabric is strong enough to securely hold the stitches on it, and so elastic that the thread can easily pass through it.

In my work The following materials and tools were used:

Background fabric (light gray canvas)

Satin ribbons

Cotton threads

Needle

Scissors

Safety

While working with scissors

Put the scissors on the right during work, with the rings towards you, so as not to prick on their sharp ends. Blades of scissors in non-working condition must be closed.

Pass the rings forward with closed ends.

Make sure that the scissors do not fall to the floor, as if they fall, they can injure you and your friend.

Do not play with scissors or put them in your mouth.

While working with needles

Store pins and needles in a certain place (cushion, special box, etc.), do not leave them at the workplace.

Do not use rusty needles and pins when working, as they break easily.

In no case do not take needles and pins in your mouth.

During operation, do not stick needles into clothes and random objects.

Sew with needles only with a thimble to avoid pricking your finger.

Attach patterns and fabrics with the sharp ends of the pins away from you.

Do not bite off the threads with your teeth, but cut them off with scissors.

While working with glue

Place the glue gun on the thermal mat.

Insert a roll of glue into the gun and fasten.

Plug in the plug.

Children should not work with hot glue. Do the work with the help of adults.

At the end of work, unplug the plug from the socket, cool and put the gun away.

2.3 PRODUCT SKETCH

2 .4 PRODUCT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

№

p/n

Manufacturing sequence

Materials, tools

Transfer the composition of the pattern to the fabric

cloth, pencil, picture sketch

Make flowers of different colors from satin ribbons. Only 25 pieces. The technology for making flowers is shown below.

Attach a bead to the center of the flower.

ready-made flowers, thread, needle, scissors

Make 8 large colors from satin ribbons. Manufacturing technology is shown below.

satin ribbons, thread, needle, scissors

Tuck the fabric into the frame. Fix flowers and leaves on the background arbitrarily.

ready-made flowers, leaves, background fabric, needle, scissors, thread

Fix the finished picture in a frame.

picture, frame

Making flowers.

To complete each small flower, I sewed a ribbon with small basting stitches, as shown indrawing and tightened. A flower has formed. Thus, I made several flowers of different colors and sizes.

How many flowers we want - we collect so many segments of 25 cm for large flowers, 15 cm for medium ones, 10 cm for small ones.

Now you can cut the tape to the desired length, leaving a little space for the seam after the last stitch.

Now gently pull the thread and collect our already flowers.

I did not have a specific manufacturing scheme. I began to collect a bouquet arbitrarily, “as it will lie down” ... At the same time, I used the selection and combination of colors. First, I made a bow from a thin brown ribbon. Then she began to collect a pattern of flowers.

I had to shift the flowers from one place to another to find a harmonious combination.

After the final laying of the flowers on the canvas, I moved on to the final stage - gluing the flowers to the frame. From the formed pattern, I took one flower at a time, squeezed out a drop of hot glue and quickly applied it to the intended place. I fixed the ribbon-twigs at the ends, glued the bow. That's it.

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT

Embroiderysatin ribbons- it's ecologschesky net production, tk. it is practically waste-free, no harmful substances are emitted, the atmosphere is not polluted, there is no danger to human health.

2.6 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT

Price per

1m/1pc

Consumption

Total rub.

1

Fabric for background canvas

150 rub.

30*20

150 rub.

2

Satin Ribbons: Green

10 rub.

1 m

10 rub.

3

Satin ribbons:blue

10 rub.

0.5 m

5 rub.

4

Satin ribbons:crimson

10 rub.

1m

10 rub.

5

Satin ribbons:red

10 rub.

0.5 m

5 rub.

6

Satin ribbons:dark green

10 rub.

0.5 m

5 rub.

7

Satin ribbons:brown

10 rub.

1m

10 rub.

8

Satin ribbons: yellow

10 rub.

1 m

10 rub.

9

Frame 24*19

125 rub.

1 PC.

125 rub.

10

Needle

was

1 PC.

11

Cotton threads

were

1 PC.

12

Scissors

were

1 PC.

13

Hot glue

15 rub.

1 PC.

15 rub.

Total:

345 rub.

The cost of my painting is low, which means that it is economically cheaper to do the work yourself than to buy a similar one in the market or in a store.

CONCLUSION

3.1 SELF-ASSESSMENT

The completed picture turned out to be very bright and beautiful, the patterns of the picture are simple, they correspond to the interior of the room.

All my family liked the picture. I hung it above my bed. The room became more comfortable, more beautiful.

1. RESULTS OF WORK

Analyzing the work performed, I believe that I have fulfilled the goal and tasks set for myself.

In the process of doing creative work, I consolidated my skills to correctly and beautifully embroider with satin ribbons, to select colors. I liked doing this work, it is a creative, exciting process, which resulted in a wonderful product. Carrying out a creative project, I learned a lot about the history of embroidery with satin ribbons, systematized my knowledge and skills. I will continue to improve in this kind of arts and crafts.

4. Product advertising

The hands of people can make any miracle;

And flowers can weave on a white field

And embroider the golden sun across the blue sky,

To become more beauty on earth

I will pick up a thread and a simple rag

And a little fantasy and magic

And I'll sew something that you don't even dream of -

Only for beauty to live on earth!

LITERATURE

1. A. Burda. "Album on needlework". M.1999.

2.Series "school of embroidery" "Ribbon embroidery". M. 2004.

3. "Golden library of hobbies" Embroidery with silk ribbons. M. "Ast-Press". 2008.

A. Chernova "The Art of Ribbon Embroidery" 2006 Rostov - on - Don "Phoenix".

D. Chotti "Embroidery with silk ribbons" 2004 Moscow "Ast-press".

https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8 %D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%82 %D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88 %D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&noreask=1&lr=213

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Creative project teacher of technology Subbotin N.A. "If you hear - you will forget, If you see - you will remember, If you build - you will understand." Confucius

Project - lat. projectus - thrown forward 1) a set of documents (calculations, drawings, etc.) for creating a product. 2) The preliminary text of any document. 3) Idea, plan. What is a project?

What is a project? A project is an independent work of a student aimed at finding solutions to a given problem to meet a need that has arisen, consisting of a sequence of steps from conception to implementation and culminating in the receipt of a specific product.

Design is the process of solving a problem. What is a project?

Search stage Technological stage Final stage Selection of the project topic. Justification of the need to manufacture the product. Formulation of requirements for the designed product. Development of several variants of the product and selection of the best. Development of the design and manufacturing technology of the product. Selection of materials and tools. Workplace organization. Manufacture of the product in compliance with the rules of safe work. Final control of the finished product. Product testing. Analysis of what worked and what didn't. Project protection. Design stages

The project consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the project is an explanatory note, and the practical part is a specific model, layout, product.

Product Practical Explanatory note Text document (Microsoft Word.docx; etc.) or handwritten version (A4 sheet) Theoretical Work Computer presentation Microsoft PowerPoint.pptx The project is ...

Work on the project Any creativity requires a certain degree of freedom. Therefore, the author has the right to change the sequence of presentation of the material, not to include individual sections from the recommended list, or to add what, in his opinion, can improve the work.

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Choosing a project topic grade 5-8

The project is an independent work of the student, aimed at finding solutions to the problem to meet the need.

Dear friend! In the lesson, you and your friends identified possible problems in each area of ​​design, thought about the possibility of making those necessary products with your own hands that will help meet the needs of your family, and compiled a "Bank of project ideas".

Bank of ideas for projects Design area List of projects Household Sports, recreation Technical creativity Arts and crafts If you do not have a bank of ideas - create now!

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Draw a table in your notebook or download the download link from the site https:// 1drv.ms/x/s!AtpiO2WHodXrhTEIkUZWEIj_W0rC

Task 1 Positive analysis Look carefully at the "Bank of ideas for projects" think and identify the three topics that are most interesting to you, which will help solve problems in meeting the needs of your family, write down the selected topics in a table.

Review the selected topics. Answer the questions to find out if your project is on the right track. Rate each topic with a score from 0 to 3 according to the criteria provided. Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 A fascinating idea. Does your project stand out from the rest? Is this topic interesting enough to work on over the next few months? The ability to change the world. Can the project make our life better? Is it useful for society and a particular individual? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the choice of an object (product) for designing topic 1 2 3 The presence of an element of novelty. Does the work go beyond what has been learned to some extent? Can you find at least three sources of written information on this subject? Does the project require technologies learned in this class? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Do you have enough knowledge and skills for manufacturing? Security. Can you develop a solution that is safe to make and use? Does the product reflect your personality? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Availability of the necessary machines and tools in the workshop. Do you have all the equipment needed to complete the project? Do you have enough time to complete your project and get it done before the deadline? (to the amount of time for manufacturing no more than 8 hours) Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Use of available materials. Do you have all the necessary materials? Are you ready to purchase materials at your own expense? Relevance. Does the project meet your current needs? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for choosing an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Your teacher may put some restrictions on projects. Does the theme of your project meet these restrictions? To competitiveness. Can you think of a manufacturing method, a constructive solution better than what already exists? Is this improvement measurable? Task 2 Critical analysis

Basic requirements for choosing an object (product) topic 1 2 3 Total Task 2 Critical analysis Summarize: The topic with the most points is the most suitable for you as a project.

Task 3 Formulate the topic of your project Requirements for the formulation of the project topic 1. The presence of a word denoting the process: study, creation, development, research, identification, analysis, classification, manufacture, development; 2. The presence of a word denoting a means of influence: technology, program, equipment; 3. The presence of a word denoting the object of influence (problem);

The title page is the first page of the explanatory note and is filled out according to the rules: type Times New Roman; the upper field indicates the full name of the educational institution (font size 14); on average, the name of the project is given without the word "subject" and quotation marks. It should be short and precise - correspond to the main content of the project (font size 28); in the lower field on the right - class, surname and name of the student and full name. manager (font size 14); below in the center - the city and year of the project (font size 14). Task 4 Design the title page

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 24" Creative project Making a cutting board Completed by: 5 A grade student Ivanov Ivan Supervisor: technology teacher Subbotin N.A. Kemerovo 2019 Sample filling

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Title page Design requirements

Title page Is the first page of the explanatory note and is filled in according to the rules: type Times New Roman; the upper field indicates the full name of the educational institution (font size 14); on average, the name of the project is given without the word "subject" and quotation marks. It should be short and precise - correspond to the main content of the project (font size 28); in the lower field on the right - class, surname and name of the student and full name. manager (font size 14); below in the center - the city and year of the project (font size 14).

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 24" Creative project Making a cutting board Completed by: 5 A grade student Ivanov Ivan Supervisor: technology teacher Subbotin N.A. . Kemerovo 2019 Sample filling

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1. Justification of the need to manufacture the product

The justification for the need to manufacture a product is: a description of the problem; identification of the needs of the individual, family, society; determination of the necessity and practical usefulness of the product; setting the goals and objectives of the project.

A problem is a contradiction between an existing situation and your idea of ​​an ideal situation that needs to be resolved. The problem must be taken from real life, familiar and meaningful to you. Her decision must be important for you to satisfy your need for something. The problem reflects the theme of the project. It easily becomes a target.

A need is a perceived need for something. A need is a lack of something that a person needs.

Purpose - the idea of ​​future results that should be achieved as a result of the manufacture of the product; A goal in a project helps answer the question, “Why do we want to do the project?” It sounds capacious and reflects the theme of the project.

Task 1 Describe the need for your project and your goal in the form of a story.

Justification plan: Consider the situation that creates the problem. Determine the causes of the problem. Find out how important it is to solve this problem now. Determine for whom your product will be designed and manufactured and why this person will need it. Determine the goal of the project and how to achieve the goal. 1. Justification of the need to manufacture the product 1.1 Need and purpose of the project

Your story should reflect the following questions: What product (work) did you choose to design? Why? What problem does your idea solve? What is your goal? Why do you want to complete the project? What is the purpose of this product? What are its possible applications? What functions should the product perform? Will your product (work) be useful to someone? Who is the consumer? Where can your product (work) be used? Under what conditions? Control question method

"Anti-slip" 1. Rationale for the need to manufacture the product 1.1 Need and purpose of the project During ice, many people get injured. In the elderly, such injuries are especially dangerous. Our grandparents are afraid to slip and fall. Our goal is to help them so that they are not afraid of sleet and can leave the house in any weather. To do this, you need to come up with a special device for shoes - anti-slip. Execution example

"Kitchenware" 1 . Justification of the need to manufacture the product 1 .1 Need and purpose of the project My mother is a very good cook. Cutlets are especially delicious. However, to turn them over when frying, you need a special device. My goal is to make the food preparation process easier. I can give my mother a present - to design and make a special spatula for turning cutlets, as well as a cutting board for cutting vegetables. Execution example

"Pencil holder" 1. Justification for the need to manufacture the product 1 .1 Need and purpose of the project It often happens that pens, pencils and sheets of paper are scattered on my desktop, for which my parents scold me. The purpose of the project is to ensure order on the table. The order on the table will help to create a stand for pens, pencils and paper. You can buy a stand, but it's expensive. It is better to make it yourself from lumber waste. Execution example

1.2 Brief statement of objectives

Objectives are the steps necessary to achieve the goal of the project. A brief statement of tasks is a task according to which a product will be developed and manufactured.

Task 2 Formulate the tasks facing you.

The formulation of tasks should include: the name of the product; definition of the end user or market sector, i.e. who will use the product; its functions (what it is intended for), what human needs will be satisfied.

"Anti-slip" 1. Justification for the need to manufacture the product 1.2 Brief formulation of tasks Design and manufacture an anti-slip that is attached to shoes before going outside on ice. Consumers: all family members, mainly the elderly. Execution example

"Shovel for turning food" 1. Rationale for the need to manufacture the product 1.2 Brief statement of tasks Design and manufacture a spatula for the cook, which is convenient for turning food during cooking. Execution example

"Stand for pencils" 1. Justification of the need to manufacture the product 1.2 Brief statement of tasks Develop and manufacture a stand on the student's desktop, designed to store pencils, pens and paper, taking into account the interior of the room. Execution example

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2. Research of similar products Grade 5

Task 1 Define and describe: 2.1 Research area What will you be researching? 2.2 Purpose of the study Why will you conduct this study? 2.3 Research method How? How will you conduct your research?

2. Investigation of Similar Products 2.1 Study Area A taxes on pencil holders available on the market. 2.2 The purpose of the study To identify the design features of the pencil stand to develop a better, competitive product. 2.3 Method of research Design analysis of finished products. Execution example

Design analysis is the study of various objects (products) by mentally dissecting an integral object into its constituent parts (sides, features, properties or relationships) in order to study their properties and characteristics.

Task 2 Explore the market for similar products: shops; from Internet sites; advertising booklets and magazines. Find (photograph or copy) several (at least three) images of similar products that caught your attention. Conduct an expert evaluation of products from the point of view of various specialists.

Product examination can be carried out from the point of view of various specialists: Sociologist Erganomist Engineer Artist Economist Ecologist

The sociologist assesses a social need; category of persons (consumer groups) using this product; environment where the product will be used; demand; requirements of the consumer (customer) for the product.

An erganomist evaluates the conformity of the product to the proportions and dimensions of a person; physiological and hygienic factors, product safety (noise, hygiene); the specifics of the operating environment, taking into account functional requirements.

The engineer evaluates the dependence of the shape of the product on the material that is used; product design; design parameters (reliability, strength, durability); material (technological and physical-mechanical properties) from which the product is made; production technology (simplicity and productivity).

The artist evaluates the aesthetic merits of the product; spatial form (geometric shape, type, size, position in space); texture and texture; color and contrast; composition and symmetry; scale; rhythm and proportion.

The economist estimates the cost of the materials used; the cost of the finished product; time spent on production; conditions for the sale of products.

The ecologist evaluates the release of harmful substances, chemical reactions from contact with other materials and substances, waste disposal during production, the “second life of the product”.

Create (draw) a table. Put the images in the table. o write the characteristics of the depicted product, answering questions about the design analysis parameters; Give full answers to questions. Task 3 Arrange the results of your research in the form of a table:

Picture Comparative characteristics 2.4 Description of the study Example of execution

Picture Comparative characteristics What is the functional purpose of the product? What is it used for? What is the shape of the product or its parts? What is the product made of? Material? Is the product easy and convenient to use? Is the product ergonomic? What are the features of operation? Mode of production? Ways to attach parts? How is it done? Do you like it? Would you like to have or use it? What's wrong? What needs to be fixed? Who is it for? Who is the consumer, his age, gender? 2.4 Description of the study

Important! The study ends with a comment and a conclusion about the decision! This is the answer to the question: How will the result obtained affect the decisions made in the design process? What features of the considered similar products would you like to use when designing your own? Task 4 Write a conclusion from the study.

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3. Requirements for the designed product Design specification

A design specification is a detailed list of criteria that a product must meet in order to be of high quality and satisfy the needs of the customer-user.

Design specification - criteria should be clear; the criteria must be specific; the criteria must be testable; If a requirement seems too general to you, it must be detailed to smaller, but specific requirements;

Activity Write a design specification using the items that apply to your project. Arrange the results in one of the following views: tabular form numbered list scheme

Main characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Requirements for materials Made from available materials. Low cost. Profitability of a product Small expense of materials. Minimum manufacturing time Manufacturability of the product Simplicity of design. Simplicity of manufacturing technology. Aesthetics of a product Beautiful appearance. Originality. Modern design. Environmental friendliness of the product Should not pollute the environment. Product safety Must be safe to use. Legislative requirements Relevant agrotechnical requirements. Execution example 3.1 Design specification for the product "Garden cultivator"

Modern design Easy to manufacture Made from affordable materials Minimum manufacturing time Economical Original Functional, corresponding to agrotechnical requirements Safe to use Example of implementation 3.1 Design specification for the product "Garden cultivator"

Must be 1. Durable. 2. Beautiful. 3. Easy to clean and wash. 4. Lightweight. 5. Comfortable. 6. Easy to make. 7. Inexpensive. 8 . Do not break down from contact with food. nine . Don't rust. 10. Do not get too hot (handle). 11. Do not spoil the dishes in which food is cooked. Implementation example 3.1 Design specification for a food turning paddle

3.1 Design specification for pencil and paper holder 1. Proportionate to the dimensions of the table. 2. Beautiful. 3. Suitable for the interior of the room. 4. Cheap. 5. Durable. 6. Comfortable. 7. Easy to make. Execution example

Example of implementation Puppet theater characters should be: 3.1 Design specification for a glove puppet

Implementation example Thinking about the design of the product, I came to the conclusion that it must meet the following requirements: 3.1 Design specification for a floor lamp

Product characteristics Product requirements Material requirements Availability: affordable/exclusive; cost of materials: high / not high / medium; availability of materials in processing: easy / difficult to process; modernity: traditional/modern; Design specification on _____________

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Manufacturability of the product design features: simplicity / complexity few / many details; transformability / rigidity strength; reliability; collapsible / non-collapsible; durability; security. Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Manufacturability of the product technology features: simplicity/complexity; technology productivity: manually / using machines / using equipment (what?) Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Cost-effectiveness of the product consumption of materials: large/small/medium; the cost of the finished product from __?__ rub. up to __?___ rub. production time large/small/number of hours? Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Environmental friendliness of the product must not pollute the environment during production and disposal; must not emit harmful substances from contact with other materials and substances; Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Sociological criteria category of persons (consumer groups) to whom this product is intended: profession / specialty / interest groups; age: for children _ years / adolescents _ years / adults / the elderly; gender: for men/women, boys/girls; Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Moral values ​​The product must meet the standards of morality; not be harmful to society in terms of patriotism, nationality, mentality; Erganometric parameters taking into account functional requirements: convenience / inconvenience in operation; (specifically what?) Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Aesthetics of the product (artistic design parameters) beautiful appearance; design: original/traditional/modern; spatial form: (geometric shape, type, size, position in space); Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Aesthetics of the product (artistic design parameters) texture and texture; color and contrast; composition and symmetry; scale; rhythm and proportions; Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Erganometric parameters (the science of the usability of things) compliance of the product with the proportions and sizes of the consumer: human / animal / bird; physiological and hygienic factors: (List which ones?); specifics of the operating environment: (What exactly?); Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Safety in use: age restrictions/presence/absence of small parts/noise/hygiene; safety of materials: safe/requiring special conditions for disposal; Legal requirements Legal or environmental requirements that the product must comply with Design specification

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4. Development of several product options and selection of the best

4.1 Bank of ideas.

Bank of ideas (initial ideas) - this is a quick sketch of your ideas and short explanations for them. Important! Develop a large number of ideas, quickly, without stopping to think about them (here, speed is more important than the level of thoughtfulness of ideas) The more ideas will be reflected on the sheet, the easier it is to choose the optimal idea. Comments should be simple descriptive.

Task 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Draw an A4 sheet into rectangles, put a number In each rectangle, draw one of your ideas Scan the resulting images

4.1 Bank of ideas. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Example

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Implementation example 4.1 Bank of ideas.

1 2 3 4 5 6 Implementation example 4.1 Bank of ideas for the project “Seedling box.

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image Design description Advantages Disadvantages Create a table on the computer, insert images into it and add comments explaining the design. Conduct an analysis of the options.

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image Design description Advantages Disadvantages Stainless steel base. The two halves are connected with rivets. The base is bent at an angle for convenience. It is convenient to use when turning the cutlets. Uncomfortable handle. Simplicity of design This form of the product is easy to manufacture, but inconvenient to use. Execution example

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image design description Advantages Disadvantages The halves of the handle are oval for convenience. The base is decorative. The spatula is convenient to use in work, as the handle is bent at an angle. The product looks beautiful. There are no shortcomings Example of implementation

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image Design description Advantages Disadvantages A simple box of four rectangular boards and a plywood bottom, assembled on nails. The same box, but with legs. Legs provide ventilation of the bottom. Convenient to carry. Non-separable - takes up a lot of storage space. Simplicity of a design Not separable – takes a lot of place at storage. Not convenient to carry. Execution example

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image design description Advantages Disadvantages Drawer with extended side walls, which are both legs and handles of the drawer. Drawer with a handle and a partition into two compartments. There is bottom ventilation. Convenient carrying handles available. Can be stacked on top of each other for storage. Non-separable - takes up a lot of storage space. The presence of a carrying handle. You can sow different varieties of seedlings in different branches. Non-separable - takes up a lot of storage space. The handle makes it difficult to put boxes on top of each other. There is no bottom ventilation - when watering, the bottom may rot. Execution example

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image design description Advantages Disadvantages Collapsible drawer design with rounded posts at the top. Collapsible design of the box, but the upper parts of the side racks are even with cut corners. Detachable design. There is bottom ventilation. The rounded rack at the top makes it difficult to put boxes one on top of the other. Detachable design. There is bottom ventilation. It is possible to stack the boxes one on top of the other. There are no disadvantages. Execution example

4.3 Choice of a rational design.

It is necessary to choose which of the ideas is most suitable for solving the problem and further elaboration. Submitted ideas should be evaluated against design specification criteria. If the criterion is met + if it is not - It is possible to use the table: Design specification criteria Idea No. 1 Idea No. 2 Idea No. 3 Idea No. 4 Idea No. 5 Idea No. 6 1. + - - + + - Total + 4.3 Choice of a rational design Conclusion: Own decisions must be justified!

Design specification criteria Idea #1 Idea #2 Idea #3 Idea #4 Idea #5 Idea #6 1. Proportional to the size of the table. + - - + + - 2. Beautiful. + + + + + + 3. Suitable for the interior of the room. - + + - + + 4. Cheap. + + + - + + 5. Durable. + + + + + + 6. Comfortable. + + + + + + 7. Easy to manufacture + - + + + + Total + 6 5 6 5 7

Conclusion: For the design of the pencil and paper holder, I choose idea #6 because it meets more of the design specification criteria. Execution example "Stand for pencils" 4.3 Choosing a rational design

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Graphic documentation

A technical drawing is a three-dimensional image of an object, made by hand, indicating the dimensions. All dimensions are given in millimeters.

The dimensions of the part are first put down on the main view, and the missing ones on other views; on the drawing, sketch and technical drawing depicted in any scale, put down the actual dimensions.

5.1 Technical drawing

5.1 Technical drawing Execution example 400 300 300

A sketch is a flat freehand drawing of a part, indicating its dimensions.

a flat image of a product drawn using drawing tools indicating its dimensions, name, scale and material. A drawing is -

Chertil Checked Subbotin N.A. MBOU "Secondary School No. 24", 5A class No. 1 M1: 1 Sheet A4 in the educational project is allowed to be placed as necessary both vertically and horizontally

7 22 25 3 0 7 20 20 15 2 0 5 5 5 145 8 Chertil Checked by Subbotin N.A. MBOU "Secondary school No. 24", 5A class No. 1 M1: 1

Drawing requirements Proper choice of scale; Image of the required number of views of the part in the drawing Rational use of the drawing field No errors in the image of the projections of the part Compliance with the proportions of the part in the drawing Clarity of the lines of the drawing Consistency of the thickness of the main and dimension lines Availability of all required dimensions Correct designation of dimensions Cleanliness of the drawing field

6. Choice of materials and finishes

Task 1 Consider carefully the graphic documentation of your project. Determine what details are in your product? Select the material for the manufacture of these parts.

Pay attention! The same properties of materials for different products can be both an advantage and a disadvantage! Record your choice and its justification in a table, write a conclusion about the decision made.

6.1 The choice of material for manufacturing ___________ _______________________________________________ Name of material Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project Conclusion: for the manufacture of (name of part or product), I choose (name of material). Create on a computer or draw a table

6.1 The choice of material for the manufacture of the working part of the blade for turning food. Name of the material Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project Wood Easily processed Short-lived, fragile Glass Fragile, can break Mild steel Rusts, breaks down from contact with food products. Stainless steel Does not rust, Does not collapse from contact with food Conclusion: for the manufacture of the working part of the blade, I choose stainless steel. Execution example

6.1 Choice of material for making pencil and paper holder Material name Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project does not look good on a polished wooden table chipboard high labor intensity in manufacturing and finishing for the interior of the room fiberboard easy to process not durable Conclusion: I choose wood for making a stand. Execution example

6.1 Choice of wood for making a pencil and paper holder Type of wood Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project , labor-intensive to finish Pine is available, well processed, well coordinated with the table material and the interior of the room with minimal finishing. Conclusion: for the manufacture of the stand, I choose pine wood. Execution example

6.1 Choice of finishes (coatings) for the manufacture of a pencil and paper stand Name of the wood species Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project texture of the wood and prevents stains, can be washed Polishing without a coating gives a shine the surface can become stained, which are difficult to remove Conclusion: I choose varnish as a coating. Execution example

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Calculation of the cost of materials Grade 5

Task 1 No. Name of material Units of measurement Consumption of materials for the product Price (rubles / unit of measurement) Cost (rubles) 1 Total Fill in the column “Name of material” Draw or create a table on a computer

Task 2 Find out in what units the material that you are going to use for the project is measured; For example: Lumber - m³; Sheet materials (plywood, fiberboard, chipboard) - m²; Paints and varnishes, nails - kg; Fasteners (screws, bolts, nuts) - pcs. Fill in the column "Units of measurement"

Task 3 Measure and write down the dimensions of the workpiece in millimeters for bulk prismatic materials a - length, b - width, h - height. for volumetric cylindrical materials h - height R - radius

Measure and write down the dimensions of the workpiece in millimeters for sheet materials a - length, b - width, for weight and piece materials Suspension on the scales and count the number of pieces Task 3

Convert the size value from millimeters to meters, from grams to tons Measures of length (linear measures) 1 meter (m) \u003d 10 decimeters (dm) \u003d 100 centimeters (cm) \u003d 1000 millimeters (mm). Measures of volumes 1 cubic meter (m³) ~ 1000 liters (l) = = 1000 cubic decimeters (dm³) = = 1000,000 cubic centimeters (cm³). Measures of weight 1 ton (t) \u003d 10 centners (tsn) \u003d 1000 kilograms (kg). 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g). 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg). Task 4

Task 5 Calculate the consumption of materials for the product according to the formulas: for bulk materials About the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped: V = a b h where V is the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped, a is the length, b is the width, h is the height.

Task 5 Calculate the consumption of materials for the product using the formulas: Volume of the cylinder: V = π R 2 h where V is the volume of the cylinder, R is the radius of the cylinder, h is the height of the cylinder, π = 3.14

for sheet materials The formula for the area of ​​a rectangle through two sides: S \u003d a b The area of ​​​​a triangle is equal to half the product of the length of the side of the triangle and the length of the height drawn to this side

The formula for the area of ​​a circle in terms of the radius The area of ​​a circle is equal to the product of the square of the radius and the number pi. S = π r2 where S is the area of ​​the circle, r is the length of the radius of the circle, π = 3.14 Fill in the column "Consumption of materials for the product"

Task 6 Write down in the table the price at which you purchased the materials. Calculate the cost of materials using the formula Calculate the total cost of materials Cost = expense × price

Costs of materials for the project "Adaptation for planing" No. Name of material Units of measurement Consumption of materials for the product Price (rubles / unit of measure) Cost (rubles) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Plywood Ruler Lacquer Glue Screws m² pieces kg kg pieces 0.03 1 0.05 0.01 5 150 1.2 40 15 0.15 4.5 1.2 0.2 0.15 0.75 Total 6.8

Task 5 The price should not be lower than the cost price. When setting a price, beware of unreasonably high prices, therefore, if it is possible to better find out the price of a similar product in a store or conduct a survey among potential buyers, at what price they would buy your product. Set an acceptable price for the product and determine the possible profit.

make calculations according to the formula: P \u003d C - C, P - possible profit C - average price C - product cost Write a conclusion: Is it economically profitable to produce such products?