It is possible to achieve the maximum effect from the use of toxic drugs by having at hand a clearly developed plan of protective measures for each group of fruits, berries and vegetable plants. This allows you to reduce the number of treatments to a minimum.

Processing and spraying apple and pear:

one. . Removal and burning of nests of goldentail and thorn, dry mummified fruits. Pruning dried, damaged and affected shoots and branches, as well as twigs with oviposition of the ringed silkworm.

2. Early bud break (green cone). Against the scab, a “blue spray” is carried out with a 3% Bordeaux liquid. At a temperature not higher than +10, weevil beetles are shaken off the branches onto the litter, followed by their destruction. This operation is done 2-3 times. Against the flower beetle, they are treated with one of the insecticides allowed in this region: fastak (1.5 ml), fufanon (10 ml), ZOV preparation (300-400 ml), calypso (2 ml), aktara (1.2-1, 6 d), etc.

3. Beginning of budding(promotion of inflorescences). Treated against diseases, if "blue spraying" was not carried out. Copper-containing preparations medex (100 g), medex-M (100 g), as well as fast, strobe, strike (1.5-2 ml), chorus (3 g), abiga-peak (40-50 g) are used. Insecticides novaktion (13 ml), sumition (16 ml), fastak (1.5-2 ml), fufanon (10 ml) and decoctions or infusions of plants are treated against aphids, suckers, mites.

The indicated doses of drugs are dissolved in 10 liters of water and sprayed (2-5 liters of solution per tree).

On a note

It is possible to treat fruit-bearing trees (pome and stone fruits), as well as gooseberries, currants, with chemicals before and after flowering. But no later than 20-30 days before harvesting, as well as after picking fruits and berries. Raspberries, strawberries and strawberries - only before flowering and after harvesting. Cabbage - no later than 20 days before cutting heads, radishes - only after germination. Chemical processing of green and spicy crops, in which the ground part is eaten, is not allowed at all.

4. Immediately after flowering.

Carry out treatment for stains, powdery mildew, scab with fungicides Topsin-M (10 g), flint (1.5 g), copper extra (20 ml), strobe, strike (1.5-2 ml), chorus (3 g), abiga-peak (40- 50 g), etc. They remove the nests with caterpillars of the apple moth and the ringed silkworm, shake off the fruit ovaries damaged by the apple fruit sawfly on the litter. If necessary, against suckers, sawflies, aphids, mites, codling moths, trees are treated with Vertimek insecticide (3-5 ml per 10 liters of water) or drugs but vaktion, sumition, fastak, fufanon, aktara. A pear infected with gall mites is treated with colloidal sulfur. They put trapping belts on the trunks and skeletal branches. In the southern regions, where the apple codling moth gives two generations, trapping belts are inspected every 7-10 days, and in the northern regions - at the end of the season.

5. 10 days after flowering. Spraying the garden against scab in rainy years with phytosporin-M (20 g of powder or 15 ml of liquid preparation per 10 liters of water to treat 100 sq.m of garden area) or fungicides from paragraph 4.

6. 2-2.5 weeks after the end of flowering on late varieties of apple and pear trees. If necessary, they are treated against caterpillars of apple and pear codling moths of the first generation, psyllids and against scab with the above insecticides and fungicides

7.14-18 days after the previous treatment on late varieties. If necessary, the trees are sprayed repeatedly against codling moths, leafworms, mites, aphids and scab.

8.Two applications with an interval of 14-18 days after the previous spraying winter varieties against the same pests, scab and fruit rot with one of the above fungicides and insecticides. Collect every evening wormy carrion, as well as fruits affected by fruit rot. They are buried to a depth of at least 50 cm.

9. Autumn period before frost. Before the start of leaf fall, the trees are treated with a 5-7% urea solution. Fallen leaves are raked and removed from the garden (in the compost; if affected by scab, then it is better to burn them). Dig up trunk circles. They clean and destroy the old dead bark from the trunks and skeletal branches.

Whitewashing is carried out with a special garden whitewash or paint. These measures are against codling moths, sunburn and rodents.

Processing and spraying plums, cherry plums

1 .Early spring before bud break. Pruning and destruction of branches dried and damaged by pests and diseases, cleaning of old, dead bark on boles and skeletal branches of trees, removal and burning of winter nests of pests and mummified fruits (if this work was not carried out in the autumn-winter period).

2. Swelling of the buds before the start of their blooming at a temperature not lower than +4 "C. Treatment with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture (“blue spray”) against diseases and insecticides (ZOV preparation (300-400 ml / 10 l of water) against wintering stages of mites, aphids and other pests.

3. Before flowering (beginning of budding). Spraying with one of the preparations - a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid, abiga-peak (40-50 g), medex, medex-M, azophos, chorus, topsin-M, tercel - against clasterosporiasis, moniliosis and leaf spot. Against leaf-eating caterpillars, sawflies, aphids and mites - insecticides Fufanon, Novaktion, Insegar, Aktara, etc. (doses are indicated above).

4. 5-6 days after flowering. Shaking on the litter and destruction of the ovaries damaged by the larvae of the fruit sawflies. Treatment of trees with insecticides and fungicides against a complex of pests and diseases (see point 4 in protecting the apple tree).

5. Early bone formation. Spraying with insecticides against the plum codling moth of the first generation at the beginning of hatching of caterpillars, as well as aphids, ticks and other pests (Insegar - 5 g, sumition - 10-24 ml, actara - 1.2-1.4 g, etc.).

6. Two similar treatments with an interval of 14-18 days after the previous spraying of late varieties are carried out against the plum codling moth of the second generation, aphids and mites in the regions of the Central Black Earth, Volga, North Caucasian and Far Eastern zones. Collection and destruction of fallen fruits upon detection of codling moths.

7. After harvest. Before leaf fall - spraying trees with a 5% solution of urea. Digging trunk circles, pruning branches, cleaning old dead bark on trunks and skeletal branches, raking and removing fallen leaves. Tree whitewashing.

Processing and spraying the garden from diseases and pests - sharing experience

engine oil for cancer

Often gardeners complain about the cancer of fruit trees. I do this: I spread it under the trunk polyethylene film(to then collect and burn the waste). I clean the cancerous wound with a sharp knife to healthy wood and treat it with iodine, and then I lubricate the affected area with used car oil. I have been using this method for many years, including for the treatment of cracks, and I am very pleased with the result.

To increase the winter hardiness and resistance of trees to cancer in August and early September, I apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. In early spring, when I do pruning, I always cover up the places of cuts. oil paint or garden pitch.

Vitriol will help

The second year pears get sick.

A neighbor planted a Cossack juniper, and it is a carrier of fungal diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the fight against pear rust. In October, I treat trees with copper sulfate (100 g per 10 liters of water) and urea (5-7%). Be sure to remove all debris, fallen leaves.

Sometimes the bark of trees is covered with moss. In this case, after leaf fall, I first clean the trunk, and then treat the damaged area with a solution of copper sulfate.

Rust on pear

Another important autumn procedure is the whitewashing of trees, with the exception of young plants. At the same time, I whiten not only the trunk, but, if possible, the branches - the higher, the better. You can prepare the mixture the old fashioned way: knead 2 kg of lime, 1 kg of clay and mullein, 250 g of copper sulfate into a bucket of water. But so that she is not “aggressive”, I insist her for 2 weeks.

Fruit misfortunes - expert opinion

Unfortunately, not a single orchard can avoid scab, monilial burn or coccomycosis. The consequences of these invasions are reflected in the crop, and sometimes even lead to the death of trees. To be fully prepared when trouble knocks on your garden, we offer you a list of the most common fruit misfortunes and methods of dealing with them.

In the last five years, the Central region has spread monilial stone burn. This disease is caused by a fungus from the genus Monilia.

Its first signs can be seen already in the spring. Suddenly, during flowering, browning and drying of flowers, ovaries and leaves occurs. The trees look burned. The infection persists in the bark of diseased shoots and affected fruits and can cause rapid (in a year or two) death of trees.

The main measures to combat this disease are the obligatory cutting of the affected branches, the treatment of the cut sites with copper sulphate and the subsequent putty with garden pitch, as well as the treatment in early spring with 1% Bordeaux liquid, repeating the treatment immediately after flowering and further treatment with Chorus preparations (2 g per 10 l of water), "Topsin-M" (10 g per 10 l) and the biological fungicide "Fitolavin" (20 ml per 10 l).

Pathogen coccomycosis in stone fruits is the fungus Coccomyces. The signs of the disease are as follows: the leaves of cherries and sweet cherries turn yellow and fall off, and before that their upper side is covered with small red-brown spots. Coccomycosis often affects old varieties. To combat it, standard methods of fruit farming are used - early spring blue spraying with further treatment with systemic fungicides such as Skor, Topsin-M and Topaz.

The infection persists in fallen leaves, so the litter from affected plants must be removed and burned or buried to a depth of two bayonets of a shovel.

Clusterosporiasis, or perforated spotting, affects plums, cherry plums, apricots and peaches. On store shelves, many have seen fruits with red-brown dots on the skin - these are signs of being affected by this disease.

On the tree itself, it appears in the form of red-brown or purple spots on leaves up to 5 mm in diameter, after a while holes form in their place (because of this, many confuse the disease with pest damage). Cracks appear on the bark of diseased trees, from which gum flows. When pruning such plants, one should be especially careful, as the infection is transmitted through wounds. Be sure to disinfect your tools.

Purple blotch raspberry, or didimella, is found in almost all private gardens. Signs can be seen from mid-June: purple spots appear on young shoots that merge, and the entire lower part of the shoot becomes purple-blue in color, brown spots with a yellow border are visible on the leaves. If these shoots are not cut out, but stored until the next year, you can see that they dry out at the beginning of the growing season and the yield on them is either absent or greatly reduced, and the berries are deformed and small.

The infection persists in the stems of diseased plants. Measures to combat this disease are cutting out affected shoots, early spring treatment with copper preparations and spraying during the growing season with fungicides such as Fundazol (10 g per 10 l) or Topaz (4 ml per 10 l).

And of course, we cannot fail to mention such a disease as scab of pome crops. This is a well-known sore that affects almost all old varieties of apple trees and, to a lesser extent, pears. Currently, varieties have been bred that are immune to several races of scab at once. The disease is caused by the fungus Venturia and begins with the appearance of brown spots on the leaves, after which the affected leaves turn yellow and fall off. The fruits are also stained, their skin often cracks. The disease progresses in wet cold spring and rainy summer. Preparations for the fight against scab - "Horus", "Skor", "Raek", "Strobi".

Expert advice

Many gardeners prune in the fall, as at this time of the year garden manipulations are more accessible compared to the spring period, when it is more difficult to approach the trees due to snow. However, in the Central region with rather severe and unpredictable winters, pruning in autumn period undesirable. It weakens the plants and reduces their chances of successfully overwintering. In addition, weakened plants are more susceptible to various diseases.

Below are other entries on the topic "Cottage and garden - with your own hands"

Everyone who is engaged in gardening dreams of a beautiful fragrant garden and a rich harvest. To achieve this result, regular care of fruit trees is necessary. Spraying fruit trees in the spring is an essential procedure in order to collect high-quality fruits in the fall. Each processing and a separate type of tree needs its own methods and terms.

The procedure for processing trees in spring

Spring spraying of fruit trees includes three general treatments:

1. The first one is held in early spring before bud break. First, the area around the tree is cleared of last year's remnants: fallen and rotted leaves, dry branches. Then the trunk is whitewashed (slaked lime, PVA and insecticides). This will protect against sunburn and destroy pests.
2. The next step is to spray the garden with blue vitriol. Spraying trees with vitriol will get rid of the appearance of harmful insects, such as suckers, flower beetle and weevil. The solution is made in the ratio of 100 g of the drug per 10 liters of water. The water should be warm, but not hot. If there is Bordeaux liquid, then spraying it with a mixture of it (600 g) and copper sulfate (300 g) on ​​a bucket of water will be effective. This procedure will also protect against fungal diseases and saturate the plants with copper.

The same result will give a mixture of vitriol (50 g) and urea (700 g). It is diluted in 10 liters of water and is a fertilizer for such tree varieties as pear, apricot, quince, apple, cherry,. An excellent disinfectant will be for shrubs: gooseberries. The calculation is taken as follows: per 10 sq. m three liters of the mixture.

The second composition of the solution and its treatment will eliminate the appearance of mites, pollen, weevil and other insects living in winter time under tree bark. For him, we take diesel fuel and 72% laundry soap for 9 parts of water. You need one part more diesel fuel than water, and one part grated soap is enough.

If insects nevertheless chose some trees, then spraying with this composition is carried out a second time in a week, until the pests completely disappear.

Spraying fruit trees in the spring will prevent diseases and get rid of harmful insects, which will be the key to a good harvest in the fall. Most drugs are toxic, therefore, when carrying out preventive measures in the garden, it is worth remembering the safety measures.

Using various preparations for spraying fruit trees in the spring, it is necessary to take into account their temporary effect. Depending on the composition, the action of most of them ends 10-14 days after treatment. Combined mixtures are considered the highest quality.

Folk recipes for spraying fruit trees

Bordeaux liquid

Its use helps protect trees from diseases such as scab, rot, leaf curl, moniliosis, spotted lesions and rust. After treatment with this agent, the number of fruits increases and leaf growth is stimulated.

In the spring, a 1% solution is used. For its preparation, 100 g of quicklime is taken and diluted with water in the amount of 5 liters. The capacity for this is taken twice as much. In the second bucket, 100 g of copper sulfate is mixed with hot water(to avoid reaction with iron, the dishes are taken from glass or plastic). Pour the resulting mixture of vitriol into lime (but not vice versa). Mix everything and immediately start processing, since the shelf life of this liquid is not more than six hours.

blue vitriol

Spraying fruit trees with a 1% solution helps prevent shriveling, scab, leaf curl, spotted diseases on apple, cherry, pear, peach, plum, quince, sweet cherry, apricot, cherry and some types of shrubs. The proportions of the solution depend on the age of the tree.

In the fight against mold and disinfection of the earth, a 3% solution is used, for the prevention, treatment of wounds and getting rid of fungal diseases, 0.5% is used, and a 0.2% solution is used as top dressing and fertilizer. The last two options are suitable for processing trees in early spring.

colloidal sulfur

Kills fungal diseases and prevents the appearance of mites. Using this drug, it is worth remembering that it cannot be used simultaneously with other products containing pesticides, mineral oils or phosphorus compounds. Since it is a potent substance, it is necessary to use special protective measures when working with it.

For processing, sulfur powder is diluted with plain water to a creamy mass. After that, the required amount of water is added to obtain the desired dose of the solution. It is worth remembering that the use of other drugs is permissible after 15 days.

The most common preparations for spraying fruit trees

Nitrofen

It is used for the prevention of spotty diseases, prevents the growth of mosses and lichens, and eliminates sucking-gnawing insects. It fights well with weeds near trees, such as wood lice, colza and the like. A replacement for him will be the drugs Double Impact and DNOC.

For a solution on fruit trees, 200 g of nitrofen is taken per 10-liter bucket of water; to disinfect the soil with the same amount of water 300 g. One mature tree requires 30 liters of this drug.

Double punch

The drug Double Impact for spraying trees is used to protect against fungal-type diseases and protects against the appearance of pests. This drug among gardeners is famous for its long-term effect and high level plant protection.

To use this drug correctly, you need to know the dosage: here 30 g of the mixture is calculated for 10 liters of water. The ideal option considered for tree care in early spring and autumn.

Decis

One of the most popular means in the fight against pests of the root system. Destroys both larvae and small insects, as well as adults. It fights well with codling moths, potato moths and flies. It is harmless to people and animals. Ideal for spraying fruit trees such as pear, cherry, apple or peach.

Horus

Well proven in the preventive purposes of fungal diseases. Kills infected cells that appeared in the winter. Affects only young plants, older trees are not recommended. Distinctive feature is its effectiveness when used in cool weather, since most products are used, on the contrary, in dry weather.

Speed

Copes with most types of diseases. Apply before the appearance of infected spores. If there are any, then there will be no effect after its use. Soon it is not recommended to carry out more than three treatments, otherwise the opposite result will occur (for example, it will appear). The protection lasts for about a week.

More information about spring spraying

All preparations for spraying fruit trees contain pesticides, therefore, when using any of them, safety measures should be observed.

A few homemade pest control recipes that are not sold in stores:

To obtain good harvest it is necessary to take care of trees from early spring and it is not recommended to delay the deadlines. This is the most favorable time for the development of diseases in plants and the laying of larvae by insects. To prevent this in your area, use the described recommendations. Observing all these rules, in the fall you will certainly be rewarded with numerous healthy fruits.

VIDEO: detailed instructions for processing stone fruit trees

How to properly process trees on the site, in the following video:

One of the main requirements for the care of fruit plantations is seasonal processing. This treatment is done by any summer resident who is eager to grow a beautiful garden with a significant yield. Spraying trees in the spring with the necessary preparations will protect the garden from the misfortune of pests and pathogens.

The main task of this treatment is to prevent the appearance of butterflies, aphids, caterpillars and all kinds of beetles, and also to minimize the possibility of infectious, viral and fungal diseases.

• For example, aphids cause significant damage to fruit trees such as pear, plum, apple, apricot and cherry plum. This pest infects the bark of a tree, forming nodules on its surface, which eventually crack, turning into sores. Aphids infect the leaves of trees, which first curl up and then dry up. The affected areas eventually stop growing and dry out.
• The main enemy of plums, cherries and sweet cherries is the cockchafer, or rather, its larvae, which live in the ground for three years. This pest can destroy entire gardens of young trees, destroying them root system. The flight of adult beetles occurs in May, and they also destroy young leaves and fruit ovaries. Spraying trees in spring makes their leaves unattractive to beetles.
• Flower beetles are found everywhere. With warmth, weevils crawl out of the soil where they hibernated and go to the opening flowers, in which stamens and pistils dine. Measures to deal with them late autumn dig up trunk circles (or cover them with a thick layer of hay, sawdust, straw, through which the beetles will not get out).
• Sawflies and codling moths. These terrible insects can make the entire crop of plums, peaches, apples, pears, nectarines simply inedible. Methods of struggle - only one spraying.

Chemical treatment of the ground part of fruit trees allows you to save not only foliage, but also ripened fruits, which means you get a tasty and healthy harvest.

Irrigation orchard chemicals must be carried out on time. Untimely and incorrect processing of plants will not give any effect.

When and how many times to spray?

Spraying fruit trees is done more than once, starting in early spring and ending in late autumn. Gardeners, taking into account their vast experience, have sorted out a special schedule for irrigation orchard. It describes in detail how and when to irrigate trees throughout the season.

The first spraying of fruit trees from pests is done in early spring. Many novice gardeners are wondering at what weather conditions you can carry out this procedure. So, experts advise doing the first spraying immediately after the snow melts, at a temperature of about 5-6 degrees Celsius.

Processing of fruit trees, as a rule, is carried out in the second half of March. Just at this time, the process of bud enlargement begins in plants. During spraying, as well as in the process of pruning trees, the gardener must pay special attention to cracks that may contain harmful insects. Before spraying trees, they must be prepared for this. The trees are carefully cleaned with a brush, then a freshly prepared solution is applied. The solution is applied on the day of its preparation, otherwise it will become useless. It will not remove pests, but trees can get serious burns.

The cultivation of the garden in March is aimed at combating insects that infect trees, getting out of the soil.

The next spraying is carried out in April. The purpose of this spray is to protect the flower buds on the trees from various fungal diseases and the deer beetle.

May processing is carried out in order to prevent the appearance of harmful insects and diseases. This procedure is carried out after flowering trees.

The processing of the garden does not end there; with the onset of autumn, its additional spraying follows. This is a kind of preparation of fruit trees for winter. As soon as the trees shed their leaves, in October-November, it is time to start processing them. It is advised to apply chemicals. If, nevertheless, spraying will be implemented without their use, then the first autumn treatment can be carried out immediately after harvesting - in September.

How to prepare trees for spraying?

Trees over 6 years old are cleaned of old bark and lichens with a brush. Growths and other accumulations on the trunk of trees in no way affect their general condition. But it is worth noting that it is in these places that pathogenic microorganisms most often like to gather. Spraying is carried out immediately after cleaning.

The final processing of fruit plantations, as well as shrubs, is carried out after harvesting and leaf fall. The site is completely cleared of weeds, leaves. The latest spraying of the garden is carried out after the first frost.

What and from what diseases to spray trees in the spring?

There are several effective preparations that gardeners use when processing fruit trees and shrubs. To date, there are a lot of substances for spring and autumn processing of orchards. The most popular tools used by many gardeners over the years:

• Carbamide or urea.

It is impossible to give preference to any one of the above-mentioned means, because each of them is aimed at eliminating a specific disease or pest. One drug can be used only in the spring, the other - only in the fall. Experienced gardeners advise stopping spraying chemicals on fruit trees and shrubs 3-4 weeks before harvest.

Processing the garden with iron sulphate is performed twice during the entire season. The first spraying is carried out during the formation of foliage, and the second - when the trees are preparing for wintering. This drug has a double action. It enriches shrubs and trees with iron, and is also an effective protection against all kinds of pests and diseases. Iron deficiency in fruit trees is expressed in a banal way - low yields and underdevelopment of fruits. Spraying vitriol based on iron fruit plantations is carried out not only in spring, but also in autumn, for preventive purposes, and also for the extermination of lichen, moss, cytosporosis, black cancer and septosporosis.

The treatment of the garden with copper sulphate is carried out in the same way as in the previous preparation - twice per season. The first treatment is done in early spring, even before the appearance of young buds. This substance must be handled with care, since even the weakest concentration of copper sulfate can burn young foliage on trees. This is an excellent disinfectant, healing wounds on the trunk of trees and shrubs. Trees such as pear, plum and apple are sprayed with this fungicide in both autumn and spring. Copper sulphate protects orchards from moniliosis, scab, clasterosporosis and curliness.

For one young tree, up to 6 years old, add 2 liters of a freshly prepared solution. For adult specimens, 10 liters of liquid are used. Garden processing is carried out in the morning or in the evening, when there is no wind, at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees. On hot days, it is advised to refrain from treating with this drug, as it is quite aggressive and can harm both animals and people. The solution is prepared in a place remote from water bodies.

Not less than effective drug from pests is considered carbamide (urea). The first care for orchards in early spring begins with spraying them with this particular preparation. This procedure is carried out immediately after flowering. The second spraying with this substance is carried out before wintering. Urea is intended to save the crop from the invasion of various pests. Properly made solution allows you to achieve the desired effect.

At the first spraying, an increased concentration of urea is used with the addition of a small dose of copper sulphate. Such a tool is effective not only against a variety of pests, but also allows you to slow down the growing season in some fruit trees by 2-3 weeks. This allows you to save the color on the trees during the last frost.

7 days after flowering, fruit plantations are sprayed with a weaker solution of urea: 50 g of the substance is diluted with a bucket of water. This protects the trees from leafworms, aphids, caterpillars, suckers and flower beetles.

The second treatment is carried out in the fall, when the trees are halfway without foliage. In this case, a solution of increased concentration is used. Spraying is also carried out after the complete fall of the foliage. In this case, spraying is carried out with a solution of urea with a concentration of 8-10%. Not only trees, but also the soil around them are subject to this treatment. This substance has a double action - it disinfects plantings, and also nourishes the soil. Here it is extremely important to choose the right concentration so as not to harm the trees and not reduce their resistance to cold.

Just like other drugs, it is applied twice - in autumn and spring. This oil product must be used with extreme caution, as it can cause burns to trees and shrubs, as a result of which they die. Therefore, spraying with diesel fuel is carried out strictly before the formation of buds and leaves on the trees in the spring. The second spraying is carried out only after the trees completely lose their foliage.

This substance is strictly forbidden to use in its pure form. It is diluted with water or other liquid, thereby reducing the concentration and destructive effect. A diluted solution of diesel fuel is extremely effective in combating rot.

Apply it in early spring and late autumn. The finished solution consists of 200 g of the substance, diluted with 1 bucket of water. Treatment with this drug destroys many pests that have remained on the trunk and branches since autumn. It can be a false shield, aphid, whitefly, mealybug, leafworm and moth, etc. The 30V preparation is often used in the fight against insects in the summer. This substance is considered harmless. When applied, it forms a thin film on the canopy of trees, which prevents the supply of oxygen and moisture for pests at the stage of eggs and larvae. Such conditions eventually lead to the death of insects.

Despite the safety of this drug, experienced gardeners it is used no more than once every three years.

Today, two types of devices for spraying orchards are produced - manual or mechanical. This is a necessary thing for the correct and effective procedure. It improves spray quality and protects the grower from contact with chemical. Each device is equipped with a pump. To work with drugs in powder form, there are devices with air supply.

Apparatus on the mechanics are characterized by convenience and high cost. The pumping principle for manual and mechanical devices is also different. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, here you should already proceed from the needs and possibilities when buying this thing.

We wish you success and good harvests!

So, spraying apple trees allows you to protect them from aphids, which often form nodules on the bark of a tree, which subsequently crack and turn into ulcers. If you do not stop aphids in time, which, in addition to apple trees, often infect plums, pears, cherry plums and apricots, then the leaves of the tree will begin to curl and then fall off. The tree itself can stop growing and dry out.

And spraying the plum, first of all, is aimed at protecting it from the May beetle, which eats fruit strings and leaves. The larvae of this insect are especially dangerous for a young orchard, because they severely damage the roots, which can cause the death of plants.

Spraying pears, apples, plums and cherries allows you to save not only leaves, but also ripened fruits from caterpillars and butterflies, thereby preserving the ripening crop.

When to spray fruit trees?

Hearing about the benefits of spraying and knowing when to spray trees are two different things. Spraying an orchard at the wrong time will not allow you to achieve the desired result in full at best and leave you without a crop at worst. Processing of fruit trees must be carried out not only when the fruits have already formed on them, but also long before that, in early spring, and even after harvesting the entire crop and leaf fall - in late autumn, and, of course, in summer, in the midst of pest activity.

Based on many years of experience of gardeners, a kind of tree spraying calendar was compiled, which indicates when and with what to spray trees. That is, based on the collection and systematization of the experience of different gardeners, a certain sequence of actions was established that gives the best result in harvesting. When compiling such calendars, not only the start period is taken into account, but also what is best to use at this time. For example, the gardener's calendar will indicate not only when to spray trees in spring, but also what to spray them in each spring month and the same recommendations for other seasons.

Spraying trees in spring

Of course, it's up to you to decide how to spray fruit trees in the spring, because this is your garden. Yes, and tools for processing the garden, today, there is a huge variety that are suitable for both early spring work before the formation of buds in apple trees, pears and plums, and during leafing, flowering and fruit formation.

The most commonly used means of domestic gardeners are:

• carbamide (urea);

It is not possible to give unequivocal preference to any drug, since their action may be more directed to a certain type of threat than others, or its effect may be so strong that it can damage the leaves of the tree, therefore it is used only in early March or at the end of October. Another recommendation for gardening is to stop using chemicals when fruits appear, as well as the use of any spray preparations 3 weeks before harvest.

blue vitriol

Spraying trees with copper sulphate is recommended to be carried out twice during the summer season. Once - in early spring before the first buds appear on your trees, since even a solution diluted in the recommended proportions can damage young leaves, vitriol is also used if there are wounds on the fruit tree that require disinfection. Usually this fungicide is used to treat pears, plums and apple trees in early March and late October. Processing plums with copper sulphate helps protect the plum garden from curliness, moniliosis, coccycosis and clasterosporosis, and protects apple and pear trees from phyllosticosis, curliness, scab and moniliosis.

If your orchard consists of young trees up to 6 years old, then copper sulfate solution will need up to 2 liters per 1 fruit seedling and up to 10 per adult fruit-bearing pear or apple tree.

Spraying fruit trees with copper sulphate is recommended to be carried out in the morning or in the evening on a calm day at a temperature of + 5 ° C to + 30 ° C, but in no case higher. Since this fungicide is a very aggressive drug, it is recommended to dilute it away from animals and people and make sure that its residues do not fall into wells and other sources of water supply or reservoirs.

Carbamide (urea)

Spraying trees with urea can be done as the first care for apple, plum and pear trees a week after flowering, or as the last preparation of trees for wintering. Of course, each such treatment will require its own special concentration and will simultaneously achieve an additional effect that saves the future harvest.

As the first treatment of fruit trees, high concentration carbamide with a small addition of copper sulfate allows not only to destroy pest larvae, but also, which is especially important when spraying plums, to slow down the rate of its spillage from hibernation by 1-2 weeks. This will protect the sensitive plum color from early frosts.

With a weaker concentration of carbamide (50g per 10l of water), the orchard is sprayed a week after flowering to protect fruit plantations from the apple flower beetle, sucker, aphids, leafworm caterpillars, etc.

Autumn spraying of trees with urea, as urea was previously called, can be carried out when about 40-50% of the foliage has fallen off the branches. In this case, the concentration of the solution should be higher than during flowering, but less than 500 g per 10 liters. Or, after waiting for the foliage to fall completely, you can use solutions of more concentrated urea - 7-10%, preparing the garden for the next season and spraying not only the trunks and branches themselves, but also the ground, using the drug for two purposes at once: as a fungicide and as fertilizers.

But if you hurry up and apply this remedy of such a high concentration, then the leaves can get burned and, as a result, fall off ahead of schedule, not giving the orchard nutrients for the winter, which can reduce their resistance to frost.

inkstone

Spraying trees with iron sulphate, like its copper counterpart, is usually carried out twice a year during periods when the garden has either not yet begun to turn green, or is already preparing for wintering.

Spraying fruit trees with iron sulphate has a double effect: on the one hand, the garden receives the iron that is so necessary for plants in an accessible form, which plays an important role in the respiration of plantings, and on the other hand, it is an effective protection against pests. Particularly sensitive to iron deficiency are orchards consisting of apple, pear or plum trees, which show a lack of metal in their own way - a low yield or incomplete fruit development.

If the orchard mainly consists of old apple trees, plums and pears, then spraying is carried out not only at the beginning of spring, but also at the end of autumn, which helps not only to fight pests, but also to destroy lichen, moss, scab, cytosporosis, black cancer , septosporosis, and cytosporosis on the bark and branches, allowing next year to accelerate its growth rate and increase the yield of the plant.

Preparation 30

Preparation 30 for spraying pear, plum or apple trees is recommended for use in early spring or late autumn, at a concentration of 200 g per 10 liters of water. Processing fruit plantations with this agent allows you to get rid of whiteflies, false scale insects, leafworms, scale insects, aphids, moths, suckers, mealybugs, red and brown fruit mites that have wintered on the bark. This drug is no less effective for combating larvae in summer period. According to the manufacturer, it is safe for the tree itself, since it does not control pests by poisoning them with various substances, but with the help of a thin film that forms on the bark treated with the solution, and disrupts the water balance and gas exchange that have been treated with pests at such stages. like larvae or eggs. By creating unfavourable conditions for the existence of pests, the drug leads to their early death.

And although such an effect seems to be achieved by a method that is harmless to fruit plantations, but given the formation of a film and the decay period of some elements of the drug 30, some gardeners do not recommend its use more often than 1 time in 3 years.

diesel fuel

Diesel fuel, like other petroleum products, has been used for spring and autumn gardening for many decades, but it must be used with great care. The fact is that spraying trees with diesel fuel can lead to burns or the death of fruit plantations.

Therefore, spraying fruit trees with diesel fuel must be taken very responsibly, and most importantly, apply the mixture at the right time. If this is vesta, then such fruit plantations as apple trees, pears, plums should be processed not only before the formation of leaves, but preferably even before the formation of buds, and in the autumn period it is better to wait until the foliage has completely fallen off after the first frost.

No one uses diesel fuel in its pure form for processing an orchard, but it is mixed with a large amount of water and other substances, reducing its destructive activity. But treatment with diluted diesel fuel can even be recommended if the apple or plum tree has a sharp corner, which has begun to rot over the years. In this case, the annual use of this substance can interfere with the processes of decay.

Tree sprayer

The processing of the orchard is carried out using special devices of a manual or mechanical principle of operation. A device for spraying trees is simply an indispensable thing for caring for an orchard, as it protects the gardener from contact with chemicals and allows you to evenly distribute the drug over the plantations. Each such device is equipped with a pump for supplying spraying agent. To work with powdered chemicals, there are devices with air blowers.

Mechanical models are much more convenient than manual ones, but they are several times more expensive and provided that the gardener small garden, are an unjustified luxury. At the same time, the manual apparatus requires a constant pressure created for processing pears, plums, apple trees and other representatives of the orchard, which is provided by pumping the gardener's hands. But the principle of swapping is different for different devices: some devices work on preliminary pumping, while others work on a constant one. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages. The gardener must choose the most suitable model for himself.

As you can see, there are many aspects, from the weather forecast for the next month and the analysis of the prevalence of certain pests in the region in the current season, to the analysis of the state of your orchard, its average age, etc., which is important to consider when choosing the time and spraying means. Therefore, beginner gardeners, as well as those who want to get the maximum yield with a minimum of effort, it is better to turn to the specialists of our company for help with garden maintenance. All people working in the Sovereign company are highly qualified specialists who will competently process your orchard at a low cost and suggest how else you can increase productivity.

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Spring is the time when all living things awaken. Including garden pests - in the spring they are not yet too active, but if you do not take care of seedlings and adult trees in time, the future harvest will be in jeopardy. Attention should be paid not only to spraying plants in the spring from beetles, midges and infections. Mole rats pose a considerable threat to crops - a gardener cannot do without fighting them, because these animals are extremely voracious.

Plant treatment in spring: how and when to spray trees

Pest control in the spring comes to the fore for gardeners. At the end of April, according to average long-term data, under the conditions of our zone, black cherry aphids hatch on and red viburnum. Do not be late with the processing of plants in the spring. Any of the insecticides allowed for gardeners will destroy aphids while they have not yet twisted the leaves of young shoots.

Take a closer look at the young leaves, a gall aphid will soon appear, which causes them to swell and redden. Try to get the chemical solution on the underside of the leaf when spraying.

How to spray shrubs in the spring from pests and diseases to the flowering of the bush?

• Spray gooseberries with "Topaz" or "Soon" from American powdery mildew to shrub flowering. In April, all fruit and berry crops are necessarily sprayed from rose leaflets and weevils.
• So that pests do not get used to pesticides, alternate treatment from pests in the spring with preparations of different active substances.

For a particularly dangerous flower beetle. Sometimes up to 80% of buds are damaged by this pest, the inner part of which is eaten away by larvae. Such buds do not bloom, and the petals look like brown caps.

Apple blossom beetle- one of the many weevils - overwintered in cracks in the bark or top layer soil and now leaves the wintering grounds and climbs trees. He gnaws deep wounds in the kidneys, from which droplets of juice stand out ("crying of the kidneys"). Without processing trees in the spring, the crop may be in jeopardy.

During the budding period, females lay one egg at a time in buds. If you do not process fruit trees in the spring, one female can damage up to 100 buds. That is why, having found weevils on trees, they are sprayed with chemicals in order to destroy them.

leaf rollers - dangerous pests plants, especially in spring. If spraying is not carried out in the spring from this pest, the plants may die.

When to spray trees from pests in the spring, so as not to miss the moment?

From the leaflet, it is better to process the plants before the end of April, but if you didn’t have time, do it in early May.

Process trees and shrubs in the spring in the evening: the caterpillars, which have already managed to hide in young leaves, will come out closer to night to damage the ovaries and other leaves and meet with pesticides.

In the morning, check your work: having died, the caterpillars hang from the branches in garlands on cobwebs.

By buds (before flowering), it's time to process pome trees (apple and pear) against scab, which causes great harm to the crop. For the simultaneous destruction of the hatched leafworm and numerous weevil beetles, spraying can be combined with any insecticide.

Spraying the garden in the spring from pests: how to process fruit trees in April

Below is a table than to process fruit trees in the spring from pests and on what dates in April it is better to do this:

Attention! During the flowering period in spring, it is impossible to treat trees from pests with chemicals!

Protecting trees from pests in spring and caring for the garden in May

In May, cabbage and onion flies begin to fly. They lay white oblong eggs 1 mm long on the stems of plants near the root collar, onions - sometimes between leaves, and most importantly - near plants under lumps of earth. Depending on air temperature and soil moisture, larvae (small white worms) develop from eggs in 5-10 days. They are being introduced into lower part stem and roots of cabbage, and through the bottom or base of the leaves - into the onion. In both cases, the normal development of plants is disturbed, and in case of severe damage, young plants die.

Repellents - tobacco dust, wood ash. If the larvae nevertheless appeared, use Bazudin or other preparations in which to treat the garden from pests in the spring. active substance- diazinon.

Apple codling moth. The main pest of the fruits of the apple tree, which must be dealt with in May. Distributed everywhere. This is a small butterfly with a wingspan of 15 to 20 mm. The forewings are elongated, dark gray, with numerous transverse wavy lines. The harmful stage is a pinkish or whitish caterpillar with a pale brown head, up to 12-18 mm long.

Caterpillars hibernate in dense silky cocoons under old lagging bark, in its cracks on the trunk and main branches, in hollows and crevices of supports, in sheds and fruit storages, in the surface layer of soil and under leaves. Without tree protection in the spring, the crop may be at risk.

During the period of coloring the buds of the apple tree, the caterpillars pupate in the same places where they hibernated. Butterflies emerge 2-3 weeks after pupation. After ten days, butterflies lay their eggs on leaves and on fruits. One female lays up to 100 or more eggs. After 8-10 days, caterpillars hatch, which penetrate the fruits, make passages in the pulp, get to the seed chamber of the fruit and gnaw out the seeds. The fruits become wormy and fall off prematurely. In the conditions of the North Caucasus, the codling moth develops in two generations. Caterpillars of the first generation hatch at the end of May, and the second - at the end of June - the first decade of July.

For the treatment of fruit trees in the spring from pests, spraying during the hatching period of caterpillars with one of the insecticides is recommended: (Aliot, Iskra Double Effect, Iskra-M, Senpai, Fufanon-Nova, Karate, Kinmiks " and etc.).

In the autumn period, before whitewashing the boles, the old dead bark should be thoroughly cleaned and immediately burned. Together with the cleanings, the codling moth caterpillars that have climbed under the bark are also destroyed.

The same type of codling moth also damages pears.

Each gardener can determine the exact days for spraying trees in the spring from codling moth pests by the white acacia blooming nearby. Acacia blooms when the sum of effective temperatures (above +10 °C) is 230 °C, it is at this sum of temperatures that caterpillars hatch from eggs.

Kravchik beetle, it is popularly called "strigun". This beetle is 2 cm long, with a large head and strongly developed powerful jaws.

Beetles overwinter in the soil, in burrows. In April, they come to the surface and begin to feed on various herbaceous plants, including strawberry peduncles, and vegetable and flower seedlings.

At this time, the beetles make burrows up to 60 cm deep, mainly on hard areas, slopes, near roads and in other turfy places. On the sides of deep burrows, females arrange chambers where they lay their eggs in May and then fill these chambers with young leaves, pieces of shoots of fruit trees, strawberries and other cultivated and wild plants. The female closes up the chamber densely filled with greenery with earth, where the green mass turns sour without access to air. A kind of silo is formed, which the hatched larvae feed on.

The larva grows in about a month, reaching a length of 25-30 mm. White, thick, with three pairs of legs, the larvae of the kravchik resembles the larvae of the beetles.

The adult larva makes an egg-shaped cocoon in the ground, inside which it pupates. At the end of July, beetles appear, remaining to winter in the soil.

Kravchik causes great harm to plants, cutting off green shoots with powerful jaws. There are especially many of these beetles in gardens and orchards surrounded by abandoned areas.

When caring for a garden in the spring from pests to flowering, plants should be sprayed with one of the insecticides (Iskra-M, Kinmiks, Fufanon, etc.). On vegetable beds, to protect plants in spring, the burrows of the kravchik can be filled with a solution of one of the indicated preparations, prepared according to the instructions, as for spraying.

The enemy of garlic is an onion whetstone. IN last years this pest almost completely destroys garlic plantings on garden plots. It harms both winter and spring garlic, turning its heads into dust. In damaged garlic and near it, up to 30 red caterpillars up to 2.5 cm long can be counted. Caterpillars overwinter in a cocoon in the soil, feeding from autumn on carrion garlic or newly planted cloves. The onion whetstone develops in one generation. Its butterflies fly in June, emerging from pupae located near the surface of the soil.

Plant protection in spring: spraying calendar in May

Here is a table of how trees are treated in the spring from pests and on what dates in May it is better to do this:

Fighting mole rats in the garden and in the garden

The fight against mole rats is also a considerable concern for gardeners. In recent years, these animals have become a big problem for gardeners. Harm begins in the spring. They mercilessly destroy tulips, hyacinths, muscari, even colchicum. In the garden bed, except for greenery, it is already impossible to plant anything.

mole rat- an animal that leads an underground lifestyle and, unlike the mole, it is herbivorous. Mole rats, whose size reaches 35 cm, build huge systems of passages, separate sections of several meters in length are reserved for pantries. Typically, the system consists of feeding passages, which are located near the soil surface, and deep ones. These "floors" are connected by inclined drifts. For the winter, the animal clogs up part of the passages with earth and lives in the central part of its labyrinth due to large reserves (up to 50-60 kg) made in the summer, which are neatly stacked in "pantries" at a depth of 1-1.5 m in clay.

In the fight against mole rats in the garden, many different methods have been tried, namely:

• catching on fishing tee hooks No. 12-14, on rat traps;
• they tried to catch the animals by burying empty buckets along the burrows;
• scared away by the sound of empty metal cans suspended from posts;
• firecrackers 5-6 cm long were used to concuss or at least drive away animals from the site with an explosion in a hole. Many, not knowing how to deal with mole rats, used a lot of other methods - poisoned baits, carbide, ammonia, kerosene, but did not get the desired result.

Catching several animals did not lead to the release of the site from uninvited guests for a long time.

Battery-operated electronic scarers have proven to be ineffective. The animals quickly get used to the sounds that they periodically make and bypass them in close proximity.

How else can you deal with mole rats in the garden

There are two effective ways how else can you deal with mole rats in the garden or in the garden:

1. Pass the hose from the propane gas cylinder into the mole rat's hole and open the tap for 15-20 minutes, after tightly closing the hose inlet so that the gas does not come out. Once is enough to rid the site of mole rats for two to three years.

2. When the mounds of earth reappeared - the mole rats returned for our harvest, there was no propane in the cylinder. They put a rubber hose on the exhaust pipe, and put the other end into the tunnel. At idle, the engine also ran for 15-20 minutes. And now several years have passed, and there are no underground inhabitants.

After years of increased numbers of mole rats, a period of decline will surely come, which is associated with a complex of natural and climatic factors.