After a cold winter, summer residents resume caring for their garden. Do you grow berry crops and are you wondering how to cut currants in spring? Indeed, caring for these shrubs in this period is no less important than, for example, in the fall.

spring care prepares currants for fruiting. If you want your berry grower to bring a bountiful harvest and do it regularly, the question is: “How to prune currants in the spring?” - will be very relevant. Caring for a shrub is not difficult, but it is imperative to take the necessary measures and adhere to certain rules.

Why do it?

If care is growing on your site in the spring, it will bring a bountiful harvest. Pruning causes strong growth of shoots in the underground part of the bush. Such processes are called basal, zero or replacement shoots. After pruning, the branching and growth of annual shoots growing on perennial branches is enhanced, the thickening of the bush is prevented, as a result, the size of the berries increases.

Annual spring pruning of currant branches will help form a bush and more. This procedure guarantees the harvest. The fact is that this shrub has a peculiarity: basically, the crop is formed on branches of three to four years of age. When this time passes, crops are sharply reduced. Timely pruning of branches provides an increase in fruit-bearing wood for currants - that is, new basal shoots appear.

sanitary measure

Caring for currants in early spring also includes sanitary measures. Pruning is one of them. If there is no appropriate care, the growths of the currant bush will be sick and weak. Accumulation of harmful insects is possible, which can subsequently lead to the death of the plant itself.

To begin with, you should remember the basic rule: this berry should be carried out in early spring, when the buds have not yet blossomed on the branches and sap flow has not begun.

If a currant seedling has been planted recently, its shoots should be shortened in order to contribute to its bushiness. Pruning is done so that each seedling has a couple of buds left. Then in the fall, the currants will have three or four new shoots. If the growth of the seedling is very weak, the shoots should be shortened more strongly, in some cases it should be cut almost to the base, leaving only a stump. Now you know how to cut currants in spring. However, her care does not end there. The shrub continues to grow.

A year later, pruning is again included in the care of currants. first of all, the so-called zero, young shoots are removed. As a result of such actions, four or five of the strongest branches remain on the plant, forming the basis of the bush. It is also necessary to cut off the tops of young shoots on branches, while leaving two or three buds on them. Thanks to this pinching, the so-called fruitlets will form - special fruit branches that grow on old shoots.

young shrub care

Continuing the topic “How to cut currants in spring”, it is worth noting that when the berry grower is three to four years old, the gardener should act in a similar way. Again, you should remove the extra zero shoots, leaving only five or six of the most powerful and strong branches. In addition, in the densest places of the shrub, thin and diseased branches should be cut. If this is not done, weak new branches will grow, which will certainly affect the quantity and quality of the future crop. Be sure to pinch the tops of annual shoots.

Shoots of two or three years of age must be cut off, while leaving a couple of buds. This will stimulate the appearance of lateral fruit-bearing shoots. The correctness of the spring annual pruning of currants is checked as follows: on any bush aged from one year to six years, about 15-20 strong and healthy branches should be left.

Blackcurrant needs pruning more than other shrubs and reacts very quickly to it. However, caring for currants in early spring should take into account the characteristics of fruiting and growth of the berry. During the first year of life, as a rule, the basal shoot does not branch out. But next spring, the shoot begins to grow actively, but at the same time bears fruit very weakly. In the third or fourth year, this shoot turns into a strong perennial branch with lateral branches. As long as the annual growth is strong enough, flower buds hatch and are laid along the entire shoot. They form brushes with full-bodied large berries. The most fruitful blackcurrants have three- and four-year-old branches.

How to care for currant bushes that are more than five years old

In the fifth or sixth year, the basal branch still bears fruit a little, but the growth is greatly reduced, amounting to about 3-5 cm. At the weakened ends of the skeletal branches, perennial fruit branches (ringlets and fruitlets) with shortened shoots appear. Quite numerous short brushes with small berries are formed on them.

Similar fruits in blackcurrant are short-lived, after one or two years of fruiting they die off. Their growth is also very weak, and the yield of branches after reaching the age of six drops significantly. As a result, the largest harvest is collected from the periphery of the bush.

The above method answers the question: “How to prune blackcurrants?”

When buying new currant bushes, the gardener does not always know what kind of variety it is, what taste the berries will have, what size. If you have a blackcurrant on your site, to find out, you can leave a couple of shoots without pruning. Next summer there will be a few single brushes with berries.

After two or three years, only 3-4 conveniently located and well-developed annual shoots should be left. All the rest must be cut at the base of the bush. First, remove the weak, diseased and thickened. At the same time, old branches are cut out if they are damaged by pests or poorly developed. If the basal shoots form a bush poorly, their growth can be stimulated by cutting off one or two two- to three-year-old branches, even if they bear fruit. The basic rule of pruning is to cut off the branches at the very base.

Growth of the current year

For a gardener, the growth of the current year is the main indicator that it is time to prune. If the shoots are weak and small (about 10 cm), you should go down the branch to the place where a strong top or many fruits grow. Now to this place you need to cut off the top of the branch. The growth of the previous year affects the future harvest, it is on it that blackcurrant bears fruit. Leaving in the spring begins with an inspection of the branches: the fruiting part will be much lighter than the rest of the branches.

Difference between old and young stem

Old stems have gray bark, and there are practically no berries on the old shoot. This is especially noticeable in the spring: there are no flower brushes on the "older" shoots. You can try to consider the rings on the branches - these are indicators of the number of years. If the branches are older than five or six years, it is advisable to remove them, otherwise the yield of the bush will fall.

Rejuvenate an old bush. How to do it right

It should be noted right away that if the shrub is already more than 21-25 years old, it should be uprooted and burned. Here, no operations can help. However, if the bush is 15-18 years old, it can be cut to the base by about a third. When replacement shoots appear, all but the three strongest should be cut out. The next year, cut another third of the oldest branches and again leave three new replacement shoots. And already in the third year, the remaining old stems are cut out. It is undesirable to cut off the entire bush at once, although in exceptional cases it is possible.

If you have not only a black berry growing on your plot, but also its red and white “sisters”, you should know that the options for pruning such shrubs are somewhat different.

We have already considered how to prune in spring. However, red currants also need care in spring. This shrub has some differences in pruning. Let's consider them in more detail.

In general, the cutting technology is similar. However, the red "relative" does not pinch the tops of the branches. In this shrub, fruiting buds are located precisely on the apical parts of the branches of two and three years of age.

When winter ends and the plants end their dormant period, they especially need care. In order for the currant harvest to be plentiful, you need to monitor the state of the crop, cut, feed, and more. The inhabitants of the garden love to feast on this shrub, so you need to carefully monitor the condition of the plant. After all, we all want to see clusters of ripe berries on a plant in the summer. We will tell in the article about the care of currants in the spring, we will give advice on feeding, pruning.

Spring currant care: fertilizing and mulching the soil

Preparing currant bushes for winter

Currant is a frost-resistant crop. It withstands winters with little snow at minus 25. And this attracts "lazy" gardeners. But if the temperature drops further, then the shoots will freeze and die. And, as a result, productivity will fall. There are times when the bushes die and are no longer restored.

The culture will withstand both cold, long winters, and frosts below minus 50 with proper care. First of all, the branches must be thoroughly bent to the ground. So they will be securely wrapped in snow, which will warm them, and hidden from drafts. There are many ways to tilt branches to the ground:

How to hide branches	Description of the method
Press down with a brick	It is necessary that the brick is not very heavy and does not crush the stem. It's best to try using a grooved piece of shingle to tuck the stem into. Do not take metal weights: they have high thermal conductivity and in winter they can simply freeze the branches. It is impossible to place all branches under the same load. It is better to distribute several bricks evenly over the surface.
bury	This method of warming is not often used, but some gardeners use it successfully. The earth is used as a natural insulation and the branches cover it by about 10 cm. So they can withstand temperatures down to minus 35 degrees. But if the winter is not snowy and the ground freezes, the plant may die.
Cover with insulation	The method takes a lot of time, because each branch needs to be wrapped in agrofibre. You can add mineral wool if the winter is frosty. Currant feels good even at very low temperatures. Do not wrap with polyethylene, because. there should be natural aeration.

Tip #1 Branches should be opened in early spring. Under the heater, they should not be for a long time. A long period of isolation does not allow the stem to develop, the buds to form. Therefore, you will get a smaller harvest.

How to start spring work on caring for currants

Exactly at spring period work on caring for the bushes is the most labor-intensive and their volume is large, because during this period the future harvest is laid. Traditional events that are held in the spring, when the snow has melted and the soil is almost dry, are:

Young seedlings are ready for planting. They need watering and feeding

Tip #2 You need to loosen the soil regularly to access the roots of the air, but this must be done very carefully. root system lies shallow, it can be easily damaged.

Treatment of currant bushes against diseases

Which of the inhabitants of the garden harms the fruit shrub the most?

• kidney mite: swollen buds are visible on the shoots,
• currant aphid: feeds on the juice of the leaves on the tops of the shoots,
• currant borer: causes the tender apical leaves to dry out and the shoot may die completely,
• terry: develops slowly and the bush may not bear fruit at all,
• anthracnose: affects leaves that show swelling,
• powdery mildew: if the disease is started, the bush will die.

You can fight all summer, but it is not always effective. Unfortunately, in the spring it is difficult to notice most diseases, and pests too. But there is a folk, simple and very effective method for processing currants in the spring. This is boiling water treatment. Since the method is widespread, it is worth dwelling on the main stages of work.

1. Processing is carried out in early spring before the buds swell, otherwise they can be damaged.
2. See which bushes need watering and prepare enough boiling water.
3. The roots must be covered with non-wetting material so as not to damage with boiling water.
4. Processing should be carried out immediately, as soon as the water boils.
5. You need a metal watering can, do not pour boiling water into plastic containers.
6. To make the treatment more effective, you can dilute the water with salt or potassium permanganate
7. Shoots and branches are evenly watered with boiling water, but not for long, otherwise the plant can be burned.

The plant is sick: spots are visible on the leaves. But processing during this period is possible only folk remedies.

The use of chemicals

Before the buds have blossomed, you can use chemicals to fight. We process with Furanon if aphids are noticed already in the spring (before the first buds bloom). Before blooming inflorescences, Tanrek can be used ( ), Bordeaux mixture or karbofos. For protection against powdery mildew they spray both the soil and the bushes themselves with foundationazole, they also use copper sulphate.

For fungal diseases, Bordeaux mixture or ash solution is indispensable. Before use chemical drug read the instructions carefully and use personal protective measures. It is better to use natural methods of struggle as more environmentally friendly and safe: urea solution, pine needles decoction, black pepper, tobacco powder, smoke and other means.

How to feed a culture

• The first time they are fed after planting, if the seedlings were planted in the spring. Apply nitrogen fertilizers. They are scattered around the bush (trunk circle about a meter in diameter). Cover with soil and water well. Top dressing is carried out 2-3 weeks after planting the bush.
• For already growing plants, you can prepare a solution: mix 50 ml of complex fertilizer with tbsp. potassium sulfate and diluted in a bucket of water. You need to use 2 buckets per bush. Watering is carried out at the root. Then evenly you need to scatter 30 g of ammonium sulfate around the trunk circle and cover it with an earthen substrate.
• Phosphorus and potassium are no less useful to the plant than nitrogen. For example, use 40 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potassium sulfate per bush.
• Before flowering, apply complex fertilizers, according to the instructions. Berry growth can be stimulated with nutrient mixtures such as Agricola for Berry Crops or Berry.
• When the currant begins to bloom, and then the fruits are tied, it takes a lot of energy, and nutrition is vital for the plant. It is undesirable to use chemical preparations during this period, because. chemical compounds then fall into the berries. Use organic top dressing: bird droppings or mullein solution. Read also the article: → "".

Tip #3 Try to apply top dressing in moderation, observing a time interval of about 2 weeks. Use organic fertilizers more often.

Pruning currant bushes in early spring

After planting blackcurrant, you can already do the first pruning of the bush. The seedling is pruned quite strongly, leaving a few branches with developed buds. During the year, the plant can no longer be touched. In a one-year-old plant, three zero branches are left growing from the roots. These are the strongest branches from which a bush will subsequently form. Remove all weak branches immediately.

Formed young sapling of currant. Pruning was carried out and the strongest branches were left.

We remove weak, one-year-old shoots in the third year. The rest of the shoots are reduced by 1/3. Such pruning is subsequently carried out every year. Remember to remove diseased and broken branches.

In the 6th year, the bush is considered to be formed. We remove 4-5-year-old branches that do not grow and no longer bear fruit. If it seems that the bush is becoming very rare, then leave more young branches. According to this scheme, pruning is carried out in the future. Thus, a bush is formed, and the currant bears fruit well, because. the main crop is formed on young shoots.

Basic pruning care

• Pruning is carried out very early, as soon as the snow has melted. At a later time, active sap flow begins in the branches and the bush will weaken when pruned. If you missed the right moment, then prune in the fall or next spring.
• Before carrying out this method, it is necessary to remove with the root that young growth, which is located at a distance from the bush. Remove old, diseased, damaged, twisted branches.
• Young shoots should also be cut out. We are talking about root shoots, from which it is worth leaving 5-7 of the strongest branches. In the course of work, form a bush. The spherical shape will look good, and pruning 1/3 of the top branches will help it grow better. As a result, productivity will increase.

The upper shoots are cut by 1/3 to form a crown and more bushiness.

Pruning is necessary: ​​with its help a bush is formed, the plant is regularly updated. If you get used to doing this procedure annually, then it will no longer cause you any problems and difficulties. Over the years, skills will be honed, the speed of work will increase.

Tip #4 There may be more berries without pruning, but they will be smaller and of poorer quality. Try using this method to regulate the balance of quality and quantity of berries.

We always listen more to the opinion of gardeners than to literary sources. After all, experience is the most important thing in any business.

Question	Answer
I had very large buds on currants in spring. At first I was happy, and then it turned out that the plant was affected by some kind of pest.	Many large buds in the form of heads of cabbage speak of a mite infestation. If there are a lot of such buds, then the bushes will have to be removed. If there are few of them, then tear off and dispose of.
I live in the city and I can not cut the bushes early. I cut when there are already buds. And nothing, bears fruit.	She could bear fruit more if you cut her early. You cut when the sap appears in the branches, so the bush weakens.
I use the same drug every year from pests on currants. At first it "worked", but now for some reason it does not work.	Pests get used to the same pesticides as we do to some pills. And there is resistance: the drug no longer works. You will have to replace it with another one.
You can use a steam cleaner instead of dousing with boiling water. It sprays finely and the temperature is high.	I think it will be ok. Try. It will just cool down faster.
I pour boiling water from a watering can not only on the bushes above, but also on the ground below it. This is for pest control. Suddenly there are larvae?	Aren't you afraid to scald the roots? The root system does not lie deep and it is better to cover it, rather than water it with boiling water.
The bushes are still covered with snow. Need to rake it up and water the currants?	Too early. The snow will come down by itself. And why water, the earth is already saturated with moisture. But if the berry bush is bent to the ground or covered, after the snow melts it must be released so that the plant comes out of the dormant period.

The techniques used in the processing of currants in the spring are the most important. They are the guarantee of the future harvest. And if there is not so much work in the summer, then in the spring the bush must be processed. Good luck in this difficult task!

Despite the fact that currants belong to unpretentious crops, plantings will still need some attention. Caring for currants in spring is considered a key step in growing this fruit shrub. It is from the correct care of plants that the duration and intensity of their fruiting will depend.

In today's article, we will look at how to properly care for black and red currants in spring, summer and autumn, and what features should be considered when growing this crop.

Spring currant care

Currant requires the gardener's attention throughout the growing season, but the main care begins in the spring, when weeds, pathogens and pests awaken along with the buds.

In order for the plants to successfully wake up after wintering and begin to actively grow and bear fruit, certain rules of care must be followed in early spring.

Peculiarities

Most varieties of this crop are early start vegetation. In other words, the buds on this shrub begin to awaken before the rest, so delay with garden work it is forbidden.

First of all, after the snow has melted, you need to carefully inspect the bushes and remove all frostbitten and dry branches (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Pruning currants in spring

In the spring, there is enough moisture in the soil, so there is no need to carry out additional watering. However, you need to carefully loosen the soil around the shrubs, trying not to touch the roots, and apply nitrogen fertilizers. They stimulate the awakening of the kidneys and the growth of young shoots.

rules

There are several important rules spring care, following which you will save your time and effort in the fight against diseases and pests.

The main secrets of growing shrubs include such nuances(picture 2):

1. Before the awakening of the kidneys, it is imperative to carry out sanitary pruning and, if weather conditions allow and sap flow has not yet begun, the crown of the shrub is formed and thinned, cutting out shoots older than three years of age.
2. In early spring, when the snow has not completely melted, spraying and root watering are carried out. hot water. Boiling water will destroy all pest larvae and pathogens without harm to the plant itself.
3. The soil around the bushes is loosened superficially, removing weeds. To prevent their further growth and evaporation of moisture, the soil is mulched with sawdust or peat.

Also in the spring, mineral nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil, which help the shrubs to wake up faster and grow.

Features of caring for currants are shown in the video.

In summer, care is reduced to regular watering and periodic fertilizing. But, when the harvest is already harvested, shrubs should not be left unattended.

Figure 2. Care for berry bushes in spring and autumn

The key goal of autumn care is to properly prepare the plants for wintering. In addition, it is in the fall that it is best to carry out formative pruning, since during this period the sap flow gradually stops, but the wounds have time to heal before the onset of frost.

Peculiarities

Among the main features of care in the fall, they consider the fact that it is at this time of the year that it is best to propagate and transplant bushes.

Since the currant takes root quickly enough, in the fall, new seedlings or cuttings that were harvested in the winter can be planted in the ground. Also, the plant can simply be transplanted to a new place if the old site was not very suitable for this crop.

rules

Blackcurrant is considered an unpretentious crop, so growing and caring for it in the fall will not bring many difficulties to the gardener.

In doing so, several important rules must be observed.(picture 3):

• After harvesting, abundant root watering is carried out, followed by surface loosening of the soil;
• At the end of September, sanitary and formative pruning is carried out, after which organic and complex mineral fertilizers are applied;
• If the autumn is dry, abundant winter watering is carried out in October so that dormant plants do not lack moisture in the cold season.

Figure 3. Stages of autumn crop care

In addition, in the fall it is desirable to carry out preventive treatment of shrubs with chemicals against diseases and pests that could remain in the soil or under the bark.

Blackcurrant: cultivation and care

Blackcurrant can be found so often in the gardens of our country that many people don’t even think that this crop has certain requirements for growing and caring.

Let us consider in more detail the main features and rules of cultivation, which must be taken into account when planting this plant in your garden.

Peculiarities

When planting, first of all, it should be taken into account that this culture is considered photophilous, although it normally tolerates light shading.

Note: It is best to plant shrubs in the southwestern part of the site, along buildings or hedges.

Another important point that should be taken into account when planting is the moisture-loving nature of the plant. Most varieties are very demanding on the water content in the soil, therefore, starting in June, when the bushes bloom and form ovaries, regular watering is carried out. In the presence of natural precipitation, it will be enough to water the bushes twice a week, and during a drought - almost daily. The main thing is to prevent the earthen coma from drying out.

rules

Experienced gardeners have developed several important rules that will help grow healthy and productive bushes.

1. Bushes are planted at a distance of at least a meter from each other, although, if the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site allows, this gap can be increased to two meters. Under such conditions, the bushes will be able to form a strong root system and healthy fruitful shoots.
2. To increase the yield, plants are fed with an infusion of potato peels. To prepare it, a liter jar of dry peel is poured with a bucket of hot water, covered with a lid, wrapped until cool and used for root watering.
3. Prevention of diseases and pests - milestone cultivation. Despite the fact that sanitary pruning is carried out in the spring, during the entire growing season, shrubs should be regularly inspected and all parts with signs of damage should be removed in time.

Figure 4. Features of planting blackcurrant

In addition, during cultivation, the plant is regularly fed with complex mineral fertilizers. They can be dissolved in water and the resulting irrigation liquid can be used, or fertilizers can be scattered on the ground and watered only after that.

Conditions

The main condition for successful cultivation is right choice site and compliance with the terms and rules of landing. Despite the fact that the culture tolerates shade well, it is better to choose lighted areas with light shading. In addition, the bed should be well ventilated so that the crown is evenly blown with fresh air.

Landing is best done in the fall: in September or early October. Before the onset of cold weather, the seedlings will have time to take root, and in the winter they will gain strength and actively grow in the spring. In a year, young seedlings will bear the first fruits.

About one to two weeks after planting, the branches are cut off, leaving 2-3 strong buds on them. This procedure will help form stronger and more productive skeletal branches, and make the shrub more voluminous.

Red currant: cultivation and care

Red currants differ from black ones not only in the color and taste of the berries. Despite the outward resemblance, it blooms much later, and is less susceptible to frost and disease.

In addition, red currant bushes tolerate drought better, and their fruiting period, with proper care, can last up to 35 years. Let us consider in more detail the features of growing and caring for this plant.

Peculiarities

Seedlings of this crop are best planted in open ground in September (Figure 5). Thus, they will have time to take root before the onset of cold weather, and in the spring they will actively begin to grow. The site is better to choose well-lit, but at the same time ventilated. It is also desirable that the soil on the site is fertile.

Note: If the soil in your area is not fertile enough, organic fertilizers, wood ash and a special nutrient soil mixture are applied to each hole when planting.

During planting, the seedling is periodically shaken so that voids do not form around the roots. After that, the soil is compacted and watered abundantly, and when the water is absorbed, it is mulched with sawdust or other organic material. This will retain moisture in the soil longer and stop the growth of weeds.

rules

The rules for caring for red currants, as well as for other garden crops, differ depending on the season. In the spring, namely at the end of March, sanitary pruning of shrubs is carried out, and in April each bush is fed with urea. When the surface of the soil dries up, they carry out shallow loosening, level the soil on the beds and mulch it with peat.

Figure 5. Growing and caring for red currants

At the beginning of summer, fertilizing with organic fertilizers is carried out, since during flowering, the formation of ovaries and the ripening of berries, use mineral supplements undesirable. After harvesting, the soil is again loosened and watered abundantly.

If you plan to expand plantings, in the fall you can start propagating by cuttings, seedlings or layering. But adult bushes should not be left unattended. So, if the autumn is dry, they carry out abundant winter watering, and after the leaves fall, they thin out the crown.

Experienced gardeners know that the yield and duration of fruiting will depend on the correct care of the plants. There are a few secrets that beginners should definitely learn.

First, every year you need to cut branches older than three years of age. They do not bear fruit, but deprive the young fruit-bearing shoots of nutrients.

Secondly, when the bushes are already fully formed, the aisles can be planted with garlic or dill. The strong smell of these plants will scare away pests, and an additional bed will prevent weeds from growing.

In addition, red currants, like black currants, can be treated with boiling water in early spring. It is strictly forbidden to do this after the awakening of the kidneys, since hot water easily damages young shoots. But, if the time was chosen correctly, such a procedure will help protect seedlings from diseases and pests.

Currant is a sweet and sour berry that many adults and children adore. And this is not surprising, because its composition contains a large amount of vitamins, especially vitamin C, groups B and PP, as well as other useful macro- and microelements. However, in order for the berry bush to please you with its abundant fruiting every year, it needs proper care during the entire growing season, and most of all after winter, when the plant is just waking up and more than ever needs care.

How do you need to care for currants in the spring so that there is a good harvest?

When to start spring activities to care for currants after winter: timing

As a rule, work on the spring care of currants in the garden should begin immediately after the last snow melts, and the air temperature becomes positive and settles at about +4..+5 degrees.

Too long delaying the work of clearing and preparing currants for the new season, unfortunately, threatens to develop into a moment when it will be too late to carry out care. The buds in the warm sun will quickly begin to swell and crack, releasing young leaves and inflorescences out. Therefore, it is important not to miss the time and, at the very first favorable days, come to the dacha and get down to business.

In order to properly care for currants in the spring, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of growing crops in different regions and, accordingly, start on time spring work:

• So, in the southern regions, they start caring for currant bushes in early spring - in mid-March, immediately after the earth dries out a little.
• In the Middle lane (Moscow region), they start caring for currant bushes after winter much later - somewhere in the second half of April.
• in the Northwest (in Leningrad region), as well as in the Urals and Siberia, spring currant care is carried out towards the end of April-beginning of May.

How to care for currants in spring: the main activities

Despite the different dates for the start of work in each individual region, the scheme of spring activities for the care of berry bushes is approximately the same.

So what should be done in the spring with currant bushes to get a good and tasty harvest?

As a rule, the composition of measures for the care of currants in the spring includes the following:

1. opening after winter (removal of winter shelter);
2. transfer;
3. pruning;
4. loosening and weeding;
5. watering;
6. mulching;
7. top dressing;
8. treatment for pests and diseases.

Removing shelter (mulch) after winter

So that currants do not freeze at low temperatures (from -25 ..-30), the plant is often covered for the winter, or rather mulched.

Therefore, when all the snow has completely melted and melted, you will need to remove all the mulch, as well as rake the shrubs from the near-stem circle all the remaining garbage, the same leaves and stuff(it is very convenient to do this with a fan rake), and then burn it.

Together with organic residues, you will get rid of many insect pests and fungal spores left after wintering. Besides, open ground warms up faster by the sun's rays, which stimulates the plant to start growing.

pruning

If shelter (mulching) is not at all a mandatory autumn operation, which means that not everyone will have to clean the bushes from last year's mulch, then pruning is one of the most important maintenance activities for currants, from the correct implementation of which in many respects future fruition depends shrub.

So, in the spring, if you did last year, then, as a rule, you only need to check that the shrub survived the winter well, in other words, carry out sanitary pruning.

By the way! At this point, you should also get rid of any mite buds that you can collect by hand. Moreover, it is desirable to do this as early as possible, in other words, you should not wait for them to swell.

Distinguishing tick-borne from healthy kidneys is quite simple: they are always round, while healthy ones are elongated.

Be sure to burn all collected kidneys!

If you did not do autumn pruning, then it should be here now, i.e. spring.

Loosening and weeding

Next, you can proceed to loosening the soil. The purpose of this event is to improve the access of air to the roots of the plant, as well as moisture and nutrition. Moreover, this should be done with a special chopper (by 5-6 cm), in no case with a shovel, because. currants have a rather superficial root system.

As a rule, along with loosening, weeding is also carried out.

Watering

After the soil dries out from the snow, if there is no additional precipitation, it is very important not to let the currants “die of thirst”.

In the future, the currants in the spring are watered with slightly warm water, in the morning or in the evening, about 1 time per week, while it is required to pour a sufficient amount of moisture under the bush (3-4 buckets).

If you do not water the currant bushes in sufficient quantities, then there can be no talk of any large and tasty berries.

Mulching

To reduce evaporation of moisture and prevent the growth of weeds, you can mulch the trunk circle of currants in the spring with a layer of sawdust, cones, straw, or fertile soil- humus, compost, peat, biohumus.

Thanks to mulching, you will have to water the shrub much less often (moisture will hold on much better), and there will also be fewer weeds.

And some even put black non-woven material under the currant bushes.

This is another key event that is included in the list of the main elements of spring care, and thanks to which you can get an increased yield, of course, if you know when and what exactly you need to fertilize currants in spring.

So, at the very beginning (during the swelling period), currants need nitrogen, and before flowering - more phosphorus and potassium.

By the way! All information about spring dressing of currants you will find in.

Treatment for diseases and pests

Spraying bushes against diseases and pests is another essential element of spring currant care.

Therefore, in early spring You can.

Transfer

If your bush has noticeably reduced fruiting and it has generally stopped developing: there is no growth of young shoots even after stimulating pruning, it is 10-15 years old - it's time to transplant it, and first propagate it in one of the ways.

Also, the reason for transplanting may be a banal redevelopment of the site or the need to move a completely young berry bush to another place.

It is believed that it is best to transplant currants in autumn period, but this does not mean at all that it cannot be done in the spring or even in the summer, especially if it is really necessary.

The most important thing in the spring transplantation (seating) of currant bushes is to be in time before the plant's buds wake up.

Popular mistakes in caring for currants in spring

Most novice gardeners unknowingly make a number of mistakes. In order not to constantly learn from your own mistakes, it is better to learn in advance about the main potential shortcomings in caring for currants in the spring.

So, the most popular mistakes that occur during the spring care of currant bushes are the following:

• untimely start and implementation of specific work (for example, you need to cut it before the start of sap flow and swelling of the kidneys, and you can feed it after or during);
• wrong order (it makes no sense to first treat currants from diseases and pests, and then trim them, it is better to do the opposite);
• improper feeding (applying too much nitrogen fertilizer) or its absence at all;
• incorrect pruning or its absence;
• ignoring preventive measures to protect currants from pests and diseases.

Thus, the spring care of the bushes of black, red and white currants in the spring does not require any extra effort at all. It is enough to follow simple recommendations and not to ignore the most important garden activities, which in the end will definitely have a positive effect on the harvested crop.

Video: spring currant care

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At the end of winter, gardeners begin caring for their plants. During the end of winter and the beginning of spring, it is very important to take care of fruit-bearing shrubs, almost more important than in autumn. After all, everyone who grows berry bushes is waiting for a bountiful harvest. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to carry out a series of spring works. And what exactly needs to be done, we will tell you.

Processing currant bushes

Before proceeding with the cleaning of pests, it is necessary to determine the enemy, because what exactly to spray the plant depends on the type of pest or disease.

What to spray?

To protect plants from powdery mildew, you need to regularly spray the soil and the bushes themselves with foundationazole (15 grams per 10 liters of water), copper sulfate is also used for these purposes (10 liters - 100 grams).
To prevent infection with a fungus, an ash solution or a Bordeaux mixture is used.

It is very important before using a new drug - carefully read the instructions! If you exceed the required concentration, then this will not lead to a quick recovery of the bush, but will damage, first of all, the plant and you may be left completely without a crop.

Pruning currant bushes

We start with a thorough cleaning of the bushes. To do this, we cut off broken, damaged by diseases and simply dry branches. We do this so that the bush does not waste energy on those branches that will no longer bring us a crop. Next, we cut off those parts that were tightly pressed to the ground under the weight of snow in winter. We examine the end of each shoot and, if there are frozen, cut off to a healthy kidney. At the end of all this, you will have an average of 15 healthy branches of different ages on your bush. At the end of processing, all cut parts must be burned to destroy the pests that could be on them.

To feed the currant bushes in the spring, it is possible to use the following solution: mix 50 ml of complex fertilizer (any kind is suitable) with a tablespoon of potassium sulfate in a bucket of water. For each currant bush, you need to spend 2 buckets, water under the root. After applying this cocktail, which is useful for the plant, sprinkle the soil near the trunk with 30 grams of ammonium sulfate, you can also use lime-ammonium nitrate. Fertilizer should be spread over approx. square meter around. This top dressing must be done before the flowering period of the bush.

To get large beautiful berries, fertilizers must be applied during the period when they are just beginning to tie. For this, complex fertilizers are used. They must be dissolved in water, according to the instructions, and watered before the berries appear. To stimulate the growth of berries, fertilizers such as "Agricola for berry crops" and "Berry" are well suited.
Also, when choosing fertilizers for blackcurrants, you need to look at the composition. For this bush, fertilizers consisting of phosphorus and potassium will be more useful (for example, under one bush 40 grams of superphosphate and 10 grams of potassium sulfate).

For information on how to properly prepare a currant bush for harvest, see the video:

Video

We have described the general measures for currant care in the spring: pruning, top dressing and pest control. If you follow the simple tips from our article, then in your garden the currant bushes will always be healthy, beautiful and will bring a bountiful harvest.

Currant is a tasty and healthy berry that contains many vitamins and nutrients. In order to get good yields every year, you need to know how to properly process and fertilize currants in the spring, and what features various fertilizers have.

Both black and red and white currants grow well in the shade and are unpretentious to the quality of the soil. However, in the absence of proper care, the bushes can degenerate, which negatively affects the yield.

Spring care includes the following activities:

• Pruning.
• Watering.
• Prevention of pests and diseases.
• Application of fertilizers.

Spring work on shrub care begins immediately after the last snow melts, when the temperature outside is at least 4-5 degrees Celsius. Leaves that have fallen from the bush in autumn contribute to the accumulation of excess moisture. BUT wet soil is an ideal environment for the reproduction of pests and the development of various diseases. Therefore, in early spring, you need to remove all the leaves from under the bushes.

Too dense plants are recommended to be thinned out by cutting old branches. This will increase the yield and quality of fruits, improve the growth of new shoots. All branches that are more than 4 years old are old. They, unlike young branches, give very little yield.

If there are a large number of shoots, it is necessary to leave no more than 5-8 of the thickest and largest among them, and cut off the rest. In order to actively form lateral shoots, which usually have good fruiting, the ends of all branches should be slightly trimmed. Pruning is required on bushes older than 5-7 years, because by this age the plants stop growing, grow old and begin to produce fewer berries. Removal of dry and old trunks is carried out before the juice begins to move and buds open.

After the snow melts, the soil remains moist for a long time, so the shrubs do not require watering. In the absence of a sufficient amount of spring precipitation, the plants must be watered with warm water. It should be borne in mind that currants do not like cold water.

With the onset of spring, not only plants wake up, but also pests. Aphids, moths, kidney mites, scale insects can destroy all plantings and leave the gardener without a crop. To avoid this, preventive treatment of bushes is carried out in early spring. Since it is impossible to guess in advance which particular pest will attack the currant, experienced gardeners recommend the use of drugs of complex action. Many of them help get rid of diseases and pests at the same time.

Although preventive treatment is very important to protect the bushes, it must be borne in mind that potent preparations cannot be used during their flowering period. This is due to the fact that such products can burn flowers and kill pollinating insects.

The goals of spring feeding and processing of currants

Fertilization allows you to saturate the plant with nutrients, increase productivity and disease resistance, and improve the taste of berries.

Some types of nutrient mixtures have antiseptic properties. They contribute to the destruction of fungi and bacteria that cause currant diseases.

Spring processing time

Top dressing is required throughout the growing season.

If, when planting a young seedling, they were introduced under the root necessary fertilizers, then such a supply of currants is enough for 2-3 years. Bushes older than 2-3 years need to be fed every spring.

Before flowering

Currant - perennial shrub, which throughout its life constantly absorbs from the soil the substances necessary for its growth and development. Therefore, it requires regular mineral supplementation.

The first feeding of berry bushes should be started before the buds appear. This allows you to improve the process of growing green mass, prepare the plant in the laying of flowers, from which berries will subsequently grow. To achieve these goals, nitrogen fertilizers are applied under the bushes, as well as preparations containing phosphorus and potassium.

During flowering

Enrichment of the soil with useful components during the flowering period contributes to better growth fruits, increasing their taste, quantity and size. During rains and in cool weather, when there is a risk of poor fruit set, it is recommended to carry out foliar top dressing by spraying the bushes with Aquarin, Plantafide or a solution of boric acid. It is prepared at the rate of 1 g per 10 liters of water.

Methods and types of feeding

Nutrients can be added in two ways:

1. Root.
2. Foliar.

The most popular and effective is the root method, although in some cases the foliar method allows you to get better results.

Root top dressing

Root involves watering the bush under the root with a nutrient solution, or introducing dry granules into the hole, followed by sprinkling with earth and abundant watering. Gradually dissolving under the influence of watering or rain, the granules provide the shrub with the necessary nutrients for several weeks.

Foliar top dressing

Foliar top dressing is spraying the leaves with a fertilizer solution. Foliar dressings are less effective than root dressings. Most often they are used as needed, when there are any problems with the plant. They are usually used in the summer.

Tying an insufficient number of berries in cold weather is due to the fact that even if the necessary useful elements are present in the soil, they can be poorly absorbed due to low temperatures. The best solution in such situations can be spraying the leaves and flowers with nutrient compounds.

How to feed currants in spring

As mentioned above, in the spring, currants especially need nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Accordingly, it is necessary to use preparations that saturate the plant with the listed microelements.

As such, ammonium nitrate, nitroammophoska, carbamide (urea), or organic matter - mullein, chicken manure, ash and others are used.

Nitrogen

The application of nitrogen fertilizers contributes to the intensive growth of green foliage. undeveloped, small leaves get little sunlight and useful substances, which leads to weakening, soreness of currant bushes.

• Urea is diluted at the rate of 10-15 g of dry powder or granules per 10 liters of water, or per 1 m².
• To prepare a solution ammonium nitrate 15-20g is dissolved in a bucket of water.

Mineral fertilizers

Today on sale there are many different mineral preparations designed to enrich the soil with potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen and others. useful substances. Many of these drugs contain several components at once, and have a complex effect.

Granular, powdered or liquid mineral supplements must be applied strictly according to the instructions, since an excess of trace elements in the spring can cause the development of certain currant diseases.

Potassium top dressing

In addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, essential element, which is required for the proper growth and development of this plant, is potassium. Its deficiency leads to the accumulation of ammonia in the cells, as a result of which plants become susceptible to fungal diseases. In connection with the cessation of the production of complex carbohydrates and the formation of protein, shoots begin to die.

Potash fertilizers include:

• Potassium chloride, which, in addition to potassium, contains chlorine. This element contributes to the acidification of the soil and the deterioration of the growth of currants.
• Potassium sulphate, which contains sulfur. top dressing fruit bushes this drug is the most optimal.
• Kalimagnesia - contains magnesium, suitable for spring top dressing.

Phosphate fertilizers

Phosphorus has a positive effect on the development of shrub roots, as well as on the process of laying berries and their number. The plant should receive the main portion of this element precisely in the spring, when it is just beginning to develop and grow. A lack of phosphorus leads to a decrease in the number of ovaries and a deterioration in the taste of berries. Based on it, the following types of mineral additives are made:

• Ammophos.
• Superphosphate.
• Phosphate flour.

Complex fertilizers

To feed currants with mineral fertilizers, you can use the following preparations:

• Nitroammophoska provides complex top dressing with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. To prepare the solution, take 20-30 g of granules per bucket of water. An adult bush requires about 5 liters of nutrient fluid.
• Diammofoska - also contains nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The solution is prepared in the same way as in the case of nitroammophos.
• Potassium nitrate (contains potassium and nitrogen).
• Kalimagnesiya (contains potassium and magnesium).

Also, for complex feeding, you can take 20-30 g of Superphosphate, which contains phosphorus and nitrogen, and 15-20 g of potassium sulfate. These components are dissolved in 10 liters of water and 5 liters of solution are added under each bush. In the absence of potassium sulfate, you can replace it with potassium salt. But, since it belongs to chloride fertilizers, it is better not to use it for feeding red and white currant varieties.

To enrich infertile soil, experienced gardeners give advice to use the following method:

• Mullein is bred in 10 liters of water.
• Then add to the solution 1 tbsp. a spoonful of ammonium nitrate.

Shrubs are watered with the resulting product, pouring 3 liters of nutrient fluid into each near-stem circle. Mullein can be replaced with chicken manure.

After that, potassium sulfate is mixed with superphosphate at the rate of 1: 2, and the dry mixture is applied under the roots. Next, the holes are dug up and watered.

Folk remedies for feeding

Adherents of environmentally friendly products use enriching additives of natural origin, which do not contain harmful chemical compounds. The most common remedies are chicken, duck, goose, horse manure, mullein, ash, yeast and others.

ammonia and urea

Some gardeners use ammonia. This drug is an aqueous 10% ammonia solution. It has a nitrogen component, which is easily absorbed by currant bushes and contributes to the rapid growth of greenery. Ammonia has a sharp bad smell, thanks to which it repels insect pests - aphids, ants, wireworms.

Mixing ammonia with urea allows you to saturate the plants with nitrogen, however, in order not to burn the leaves and harm the shrubs, you should not make a solution in high concentrations. Urea (carbamide) is a fertilizer containing about 46% nitrogen. To prepare the fertilizer, you will need to dissolve 1 teaspoon of ammonia and 10 g of urea in a bucket of water. With this tool, you can process the bushes both root and foliar.

In the case of using ammonia as an independent fertilizer, without urea, 1 tbsp is dissolved in 10 liters of water. a spoonful of the drug.

Iodine

Another pharmacy tool that is used on household plots for the care of currants - iodine. It is introduced into the soil with weakened currant immunity, susceptibility to fungi and rot, lagging behind young seedlings in growth. This microelement helps to improve the taste of berries, increase the content of vitamin C in their composition.

Iodine has an antiseptic effect, destroys rot and bacteria, stimulates the exchange of nitrogen in the soil.

The working solution is prepared at the rate of 1 drop of 5% iodine per 1 liter of water. For watering currants, it is recommended to add a few drops of fresh milk to such a product. Before applying this top dressing to the ground, it must be carefully watered.

Boric acid

Boron is a microelement that increases the yield and absorption of calcium, improves the respiration of the root system, increases the sugar content of fruits, and has an antiseptic effect. Boric acid is watered or sprayed with bushes growing on lean soils.

The working solution is prepared as follows:

• 1 g of boron is poured with water heated to a temperature of 80 degrees (but not boiling water) in an amount of 500 ml.
• The solution is thoroughly mixed and cooled for 2-3 hours.
• Then pour the product into a 10-liter bucket of water.

Currants are watered with ordinary water, and then 2-3 liters of boron solution are added under each adult bush.

Ash

Ash saturates cultures with potassium and phosphorus, and also contains calcium, zinc, sulfur, and magnesium. The advantage of this type of fertilizer is its excellent digestibility by plants, as well as the absence of chlorine, which is harmful to currants.

It is necessary to fertilize currant bushes by adding 3 cups of ash under each bush. It improves the growth of roots and branches, increases the fertility and taste of berries, protects against pests and diseases.

Yeast

Thanks to this universal substance, the endurance of fruit crops increases, the processes of root formation and growth of the vegetative mass are stimulated, resistance to diseases and pests increases. Yeast contributes to the activation of the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, so the currant responds gratefully to top dressing using this tool.

To properly prepare a solution for irrigation, you will need:

• 10 g dry yeast.
• 500 ml chicken manure.
• 2 handfuls of ash.
• 100 g sugar.
• A bucket of water.

The water is heated to a temperature of 30 degrees and the ingredients listed above are dissolved in it. Under each bush contribute 3-4 liters of yeast solution.

Hydrogen peroxide

This medicinal product in its properties resembles rain water without harmful impurities. When watering the earth with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, the number of oxygen atoms increases, which saturate the roots, significantly improving the growth of currants and the quality of the crop. This substance displaces pesticides, repels ticks, midges, scale insects and other insect pests. It can be used both for watering and for spraying shrubs. The working solution is prepared at the rate of 1 tbsp. a spoonful of peroxide per 1 liter of water. If desired, 1-2 drops of iodine can be added to the prepared liquid, which will increase the effectiveness of feeding.

Manure

After winter, currants can be fed with organic fertilizers, which are used as:

• Chicken manure (1:20).
• Mullein (1:10).
• Ash.

Chicken manure contains several times more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to mullein. In terms of nutritional value, it is not inferior to store-bought mineral fertilizers. Mullein, horse, duck droppings have a milder effect compared to chicken. When preparing a solution based on the latter, special care must be taken so as not to harm the currant bushes.

Potassium permanganate

With the help of a solution of manganese, it is possible to disinfect the soil and planting materials, prevent the development of diseases, feed the bushes and increase their resistance to pests.

Manganese prevents powdery mildew damage to currants. For the prevention and treatment of this disease, it will be necessary to dissolve potassium nitrate (50 g) and potassium permanganate (3 g) in 10 liters of water. The solution is used for spraying shoots and leaves. Watering plants with such a mixture will help saturate the soil with manganese, nitrogen and potassium, get rid of fungi and pests.

blue vitriol

Copper sulfate is an excellent tool in the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases. This substance is used in the fight against moniliosis, scab, anthracnose, septoria, powdery mildew, rust, black spot.

Copper sulfate is a contact fungicide that replenishes soil copper deficiency without harming plants and pollinating insects.

To prepare a working solution, 300 g of the drug is dissolved in a bucket of water. Under each currant bush, 2 liters of funds are applied.

Urea

The second name of urea is urea. This is a concentrated nitrogenous fertilizer that is used for spring top dressing of blackcurrant and other varieties of this fruit and berry crop. Its use during the period of bud formation can cause a decrease in yield.

Urea can be applied dry to the soil in root holes, and also used for spraying or watering currants. For spraying, 5-10 g of urea is dissolved in 1 liter of water, and for irrigation, 600 g of the product per 1 bucket of water is required.

Bordeaux mixture

When lime and copper sulfate are added to water, Bordeaux liquid is obtained, which has fungicidal properties and copes well with many currant diseases. In horticulture, this tool is used for spraying bushes. To make the liquid used stick better to the leaves, you can add a small amount of sugar to it.

To prepare the mixture, you will need to dissolve 100 g of copper sulfate and 150 g of lime in a bucket of water.

Superphosphate

Phosphorus mineral fertilizer, which dissolves well in water. In addition to phosphorus, this agent may contain sulfur, nitrogen, molybdenum, boron. The composition of the drug depends on its variety - simple, granular, double or ammoniated.

Top dressing with superphosphate helps to improve root growth, slow down the aging process of plants, accelerate the onset of the fruiting phase, and increase the sugar content of berries.

Stages of fertilizing currants in spring

Caring for fruit bushes is necessary throughout the year. The first time fertilizers are applied after the swelling of the buds, the second - before flowering, the third - during active flowering. The fourth, last dressing is carried out in autumn or at the end of summer, when the crop is already harvested.

After a long winter cold, currant bushes are in a weakened state. And if they are not transplanted to a new place for a long time, the soil under them is depleted, which leads to a decrease in yield. To improve the situation and enjoy large, tasty and healthy berries, you should carry out regular feeding of currants.

Care blackcurrant spring starts early , since in this culture the buds are activated quickly, they begin to swell with the first warming, while in others garden plants the kidneys can sleep until May. When the air temperature rises, pests wake up after the winter, they get out of their shelters and prepare for reproduction. Currants bloom early, around mid-May, and until that moment you need to have time to treat the bushes from pests and diseases, make corrective pruning, and feed the bushes in order to collect a high-quality crop of berries.

1. The first work in the garden after winter is associated with cleaning the land from last year's foliage and other plant debris.

2. In early spring, currant bushes are pruned, before the buds open, so as not to break them off the branches. Old, broken, frozen, thickening and lying on the ground branches should be removed. The currant should have 5-6 strong branches and 2-3 young shoots to replace. Currant branches infected with a tick are cut out, on them the buds swell like balls, but do not open, healthy buds have an elongated shape.

3. The first feeding of currants is carried out when the buds begin to bloom . You can use urea or ammonium nitrate 30-40 gr for each bush. Fertilizer can be dissolved in water and watered, or sprinkled around the bush and loosened with the top layer of soil.

The second dressing is carried out for flowering and fruiting currants . You can use any phosphorus-potassium fertilizer or wood ash 1-2 cups for each bush. Scatter fertilizer around the perimeter of the bush and loosen it with the soil, since that is where the suction roots are located. Fertilizers cannot be poured into the center of the bush, it is difficult to plant fertilizers under the base of the fertilizer branches into the soil, they will be ineffective.

During the flowering period of the currant, in order to increase the number of ovaries, the bushes should be sprayed with boric acid at a concentration of 0.03% (3 g of powder per 10 liters of water).

4. The treatment of currants from pests for the first time is carried out very early , while the kidneys have not yet begun to swell, for this currant bushes are poured with hot water. But who could not or did not have time to carry out such a treatment, then during the period of swelling and opening of the kidneys, currants can be sprayed with Aktara or Aktelik, which will destroy the awakened sawflies, gall midge, aphids, moths.

Many pests of currants and gooseberries hibernate in the soil so that they do not get out, in the spring they mulch the ground under the currants with peat or humus with a layer of about 10 cm, or you can cover the surface of the earth with paper or special material.

During the flowering period of the currant, the moth begins to fly, even if you carry out pest control activities in your garden, they can fly from a neighboring plot . These small gray butterflies lay their eggs in the flowers, which hatch into caterpillars that feed on the ripening berries. During the period of flowering and ripening of berries, currants cannot be treated with chemicals, therefore, in order to scare away the fire, stick sprigs of flowering elderberry into the currant bushes or spray with infusion of tobacco dust with the addition of tar soap.

Currant care must be carried out throughout the year. These bushes grow in almost everyone in the country or in the garden, but not everyone knows how to properly handle the plant. And this is reflected in the yield. In order for it to be rich, it is necessary to carry out top dressing, watering, pruning shrubs, loosening the soil and other procedures in time. Sometimes you have to deal with various diseases and pests (but prevention is best).

In the spring, currants should be looked after as follows:

1. 1. Watering. It must be carried out in late spring, when the snow has completely melted and the soil has already dried out.
2. 2. Treatment with boiling water. The procedure should be carried out before the buds open. Bushes need to be poured with boiling water. This is an old folk remedy that is used to prevent powdery mildew and other diseases and pests. It is enough to boil a bucket of water, and then make hot shower for the bush. Pouring water relies on the central part of the stem and branch. At this time, boiling water will not harm the bush, so do not worry.
3. 3. Processing of the trunk circle. When the soil dries out a little in the spring, it is supposed to loosen it with a rake. Additionally, you can mulch with compost or humus. When the grass begins to grow, the latter will have to be mowed, it can also be used for mulching, but only before that it is carefully chopped. It must be borne in mind that such a layer during decay takes a lot of nitrogen. To compensate for the lack of this component in the soil, it is recommended to water the space around the bushes with a solution of urea - 1 tbsp is enough. l. substances per 10 liters of water.
4. 4. Top dressing. In spring, a large amount of nitrogen is needed. For example, fertilizers such as urea and ammonium nitrate are suitable. The first relies on 10 g per 1 sq. m, and the second for 15 g. Even during flowering, experts advise adding starch under the bush. This will increase productivity. It is necessary to dissolve 300 g of potato starch in 10 liters of water and water the bushes under the root with this remedy.
5. 5. Warming. When flowering is just beginning, but there is a risk of frost at night, it is necessary to insulate the bushes with a special covering material.

Summer care is as follows:

1. 1. Watering. Currant is a moisture-loving crop, so it requires a lot of water. The soil must not be allowed to dry out. Because of this, the berries begin to crumble. It is necessary to water only under the root. In dry weather, this is required to be done once a week, 5 buckets of water for each bush. Spraying with plain water should not be carried out, as this provokes the development of powdery mildew.
2. 2. Loosening. This must be done after every watering. Thanks to this procedure, the roots will have access to oxygen. By the way, in currants, the root system is superficial, so you can’t use a shovel.
3. 3. Top dressing. Fertilizers are also supposed to be applied in the summer after harvesting. For example, you will need 70 g of phosphorus and 30 g of potash fertilizers for each bush. You can also simply add 100-150 g of complex mineral compounds. The use of compost and humus is allowed. This is only done once every 3 years. For each shrub, 10 kg is enough. In summer, urea will also benefit currants. It is necessary to dissolve 3 matchboxes in a bucket of water. Then it is supposed to water the bushes from a watering can. This amount is enough for 1 plant.

In autumn, you also need to take good care of the culture:

1. 1. Watering. It is not as abundant as in summer, but the soil should remain moist. The lack of water greatly affects the wintering of currants.
2. 2. Top dressing. It is necessary to add 30 g of potassium chloride and 100 g of superphosphate for each shrub.
3. 3. Warming. It is recommended to tie the bushes with twine, and in winter cover the plant with snow.

Usually blackcurrant bears fruit up to 8 years. But 10-year-old plantings already definitely need to be replaced. It is best to do this in advance. For example, plant new shrubs every 4-5 years.

Currant is a sweet and sour berry that many adults and children adore. And this is not surprising, because its composition contains a large amount of vitamins, especially vitamin C, groups B and PP, as well as other useful macro- and microelements. However, in order for the berry bush to please you with its abundant fruiting every year, it needs proper care during the entire growing season, and most of all after winter, when the plant is just waking up and more than ever needs care.

How do you need to care for currants in the spring so that there is a good harvest?

When to start spring activities to care for currants after winter: timing

As a rule, work on the spring care of currants in the garden should begin immediately after the last snow melts, and the air temperature becomes positive and settles at about +4..+5 degrees.

Too long delaying the work of clearing and preparing currants for the new season, unfortunately, threatens to develop into a moment when it will be too late to carry out care. The buds in the warm sun will quickly begin to swell and crack, releasing young leaves and inflorescences out. Therefore, it is important not to miss the time and, at the very first favorable days, come to the dacha and get down to business.

In order to properly care for currants in the spring, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of growing crops in different regions and, accordingly, start spring work on time:

• So, in the southern regions, they start caring for currant bushes in early spring - in mid-March, immediately after the earth dries out a little.
• In the Middle lane (Moscow region), they start caring for currant bushes after winter much later - somewhere in the second half of April.
• In the North-West (in the Leningrad region), as well as in the Urals and Siberia, spring care for currants is carried out towards the end of April-beginning of May.

How to care for currants in spring: the main activities

Despite the different dates for the start of work in each individual region, the scheme of spring activities for the care of berry bushes is approximately the same.

So what should be done in the spring with currant bushes to get a good and tasty harvest?

As a rule, the composition of measures for the care of currants in the spring includes the following:

1. opening after winter (removal of winter shelter);
2. transfer;
3. pruning;
4. loosening and weeding;
5. watering;
6. mulching;
7. top dressing;
8. treatment for pests and diseases.

Removing shelter (mulch) after winter

So that currants do not freeze at low temperatures (from -25 ..-30), the plant is often covered for the winter, or rather mulched.

Therefore, when all the snow has completely melted and melted, you will need to remove all the mulch, as well as rake the shrubs from the near-stem circle all the remaining garbage, the same leaves and stuff(it is very convenient to do this with a fan rake), and then burn it.

Together with organic residues, you will get rid of many insect pests and fungal spores left after wintering. In addition, open soil warms up faster with sunlight, which stimulates the plant to start growing.

pruning

If shelter (mulching) is not at all a mandatory autumn operation, which means that not everyone will have to clean the bushes from last year's mulch, then pruning is one of the most important maintenance activities for currants, from the correct implementation of which in many respects future fruition depends shrub.

So, in the spring, if even last year you did autumn pruning of bushes, then, as a rule, you only need to check that the shrub survived the winter well, in other words, carry out sanitary pruning.

By the way! At this point, you should also get rid of any mite buds that you can collect by hand. Moreover, it is desirable to do this as early as possible, in other words, you should not wait for them to swell.

Distinguishing tick-borne from healthy kidneys is quite simple: they are always round, while healthy ones are elongated.

Be sure to burn all collected kidneys!

If you did not do autumn pruning, then it should be here now, i.e. spring.

Loosening and weeding

Next, you can proceed to loosening the soil. The purpose of this event is to improve the access of air to the roots of the plant, as well as moisture and nutrition. Moreover, this should be done with a special chopper (by 5-6 cm), in no case with a shovel, because. currants have a rather superficial root system.

As a rule, along with loosening, weeding is also carried out.

Watering

After the soil dries out from the snow, if there is no additional precipitation, it is very important not to let the currants “die of thirst”.

Adding an article to a new collection

Currant is not too whimsical. But still, do not forget about the shrub, otherwise the yield will begin to decline, and the berries will shrink. Therefore, make time for the three main spring procedures: pruning, top dressing and protection from diseases and pests.

In early spring, currants wake up after long winter. When the snow melts, it is necessary to remove the shelter from the bushes to avoid dampening. This should be done gradually so that the plant does not experience stress. Frame structures should not be disassembled, they can still be useful to protect plants from sunburn. It is enough to pull on a thin white spunbond, and the currant will be sheltered from the scorching spring sun.

Currant is considered a frost-resistant crop and does not require mandatory shelter. But still it is worth organizing it if the winters in your region are snowless or very cold.

Caring for black, red and white currants in spring is practically the same. First, clean the soil under the bushes from the old mulch and the remnants of snow, loosen the ground and remove the first weeds. Now it's time to start cutting.

How to prune currants in spring?

Sanitary pruning of currants in the spring will allow the bushes to gain strength before flowering and fruiting. It is also a great opportunity to inspect plants for signs of damage by diseases and pests.

Pruning should be done before the buds swell and active sap flow.

To work, take a sharp clean pruner and remove:

• dried, frozen, crooked and broken shoots;
• diseased and thin branches;
• thickening bush shoots;
• dark brown old shoots.

At the end, carry out a shaping pruning. At black currant leave 5-7 buds on lateral 2-4-year-old shoots, cut the rest. Shorten powerful annual shoots by 10-15 cm. As a result, the bush should become more compact and "transparent" in the center.

At red and white currant pruning is different, because their branches retain high yields up to 8 years. For full fruiting, the bushes must have both young and old shoots. Cut off only the upper unripened parts on the shoots, remove the tops and the oldest branches. Branching of the first and second orders does not need to be touched. After pruning, the bush should consist of 20-25 branches 1-8 years old.

Read more about pruning currants in our article.

Currants bud in early spring. If they have an unnatural swollen appearance, then the plant is affected. kidney mite. Without delay, cut or pinch off such buds until the pests have escaped from them and spread all over the currant.

Currant buds affected by currant bud mites; carbonat.ru

Also, during pruning, pay attention to the core of the cut branch. If it is dark, not green, then the bush is affected by larvae currant glass jar. A hole filled with dust is noticeable? The plant liked the larvae narrow-bodied borer. In case of severe damage, the bush will have to be uprooted. If there are few such branches, cut them without leaving a hemp, and be sure to treat the bushes from pests, which we will discuss below.

Sick and old branches, burn the affected buds, healthy shoots can be used for propagation.

Clean the trunk circles and loosen the soil so that air can better penetrate to the roots and the surface does not become covered with a crust.

Do I need to water currant bushes in spring?

Red and white currants tolerate drought well, unlike black currants, in which the root system is located close to the surface of the earth. But in the spring, after the snow melts, there is usually enough moisture for all plants. Therefore, it is not necessary to additionally moisten the soil so as not to provoke root rot. The first watering is usually carried out in late May - early June, when the plants are actively growing and forming ovaries. Depending on the age of the bush, it is necessary to pour 2 to 5 buckets of water under each one so that the earth is moistened to a depth of 40 cm.

If there was little snow in winter and the soil is dry in March-April, water it. Under adult bushes (over 3 years old), pour 2 buckets of soft water (preferably rain), under young ones - 1 bucket each.

How to feed currants in spring?

Caring for red, black and white currants in spring also includes top dressing, without which it will be difficult to get a rich harvest of berries. Plants can be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers. For example, top dressing of currants in the spring can be carried out according to this scheme.

In the first year after planting, currants do not need to be fertilized, they will have enough nutrients that have been added to landing pit.

After top dressing, mulch tree trunks to avoid evaporation of moisture or the negative effects of sudden temperature changes. It is better to use humus or compost for this, which will additionally saturate the soil with useful substances.

How to treat currants in the spring from diseases and pests?

When the snow melts, the buds swell, it's time to treat currants in the spring from diseases and pests. During pruning, you could already assess the health of the bushes. Perhaps some of them are ill and need urgent help. If no signs are observed, be sure to carry out preventive spraying. The best time for the procedure - March-April, while the kidneys have not yet opened.

Currant diseases spring and early summer can cause crop failure. Among the most frequent and dangerous fungal diseases such as:

• anthracnose - red-brown spots are noticeable on the leaves, which eventually grow and merge;
• septoria - at first the leaves are covered with small brown spots, by the middle of summer they brighten in the center, and turn brown along the edges;
• gray rot - the leaves are covered with brown bloom and dry out, sometimes lumps with a characteristic bloom appear on the wood;
• rust - yellowish spots appear, which gradually merge with each other, and a rusty coating is noticeable on the underside of the leaves;
• sferoteka (American powdery mildew) - leaves, stems of the bush, and later the fruits are covered with a white bloom (then the color turns brown).

No less dangerous are viral diseases, for example, terry (reversion) and striped mosaic, which cannot be treated and require the complete destruction of the bushes.

To protect plants, treat currants in the spring before bud break with the following preparations of your choice:

You can also carry out protective spraying with ash. To do this, pour 100 g of ash into 1 liter of water, let it brew for 3 days, strain and add 3 liters of water.

Currant pests In the spring, they are not yet so noticeable, but will soon make themselves felt. How to identify an infection with a kidney mite, a currant glass case and a goldfish, we described above. But currants have much more enemies. So great damage to plants is caused by bud moth, moth, sawflies, currant gall midge, aphids and other dangerous insects.

The most popular means for protecting currants can be called biopreparations Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, etc. For the treatment of severely affected plants, Karbofos, Biotlin, Aktara, Aktellik, Fufanon, etc. are suitable.

If you are an adherent of folk methods, then use for prevention soap solution, infusions of garlic, onion peel or tobacco.

Is it necessary to pour boiling water over currants in spring?

Surely you have heard that experienced gardeners pour boiling water over currant bushes in the spring. This procedure is designed to destroy pests and pathogenic bacteria. It is carried out strictly on a sleeping bush (the buds are not swollen, there is no sap flow), otherwise there is a risk of damaging the plant. Before the procedure, it is advisable to tie the bush in order to shed all the shoots evenly.

Those who practice this method are sure that currants receive additional protection in this way. But it is important to consider that boiling water cools quickly and is unlikely to have any significant destructive effect. At the same time, a lot of water will be needed, and after the procedure, dirt will squish under the bushes. Therefore, if you nevertheless consider this method to be correct, carry it out, but do not forget about other, more effective and less time-consuming methods. One dousing with boiling water cannot completely protect currants from diseases and pests.

Caring for currants in spring after winter is not very difficult. Take time for a shrub - and it will thank you with an abundance of juicy and large berries!

Black, red and even white currants are quite popular crops in our latitudes, so many summer residents are interested in caring for currants after winter. In this article we will talk about the nuances of pruning, feeding, watering and processing from pests of these plants, and also dwell on the issue of protecting bushes from possible spring frosts.

Features of spring pruning currants

Pruning a currant bush is one of the main conditions for its good fruiting. This procedure can be carried out in autumn or early spring, before bud break. AT last case they talk more about sanitary pruning, which involves pruning all the tops frozen over the winter (to healthy buds), broken and diseased branches. True, as for the dry parts of the plant, they can be cut off at any time of the year, as soon as you notice them. All collected branches, as well as old leaves, which are often under the bushes since last year, must be burned, as it is in them that pests overwinter, which become more active with the advent of spring.

Watering and soil care in the spring

Answering the question "How to properly care for currants?" one cannot ignore the topic of irrigation, which, together with tillage, plays an important role in obtaining a good currant crop. First of all, it is worth noting that both black, and red, and white currants are moisture-loving crops, which is due to their biological characteristics. Lack of moisture causes growth retardation in plants, crushing of berries and their subsequent shedding. In addition, dry conditions in the post-harvest period often lead to freezing of bushes in winter. It is especially important to irrigate during the most decisive phases of plant development: during active growth, formation of ovaries, pouring berries and after harvest, that is, mainly in the spring.

The first time currants are watered immediately after planting, at the rate of 5-6 liters of liquid per bush. In the future, the most effective are subsoil and drip irrigation, which allow you to supply liquid directly to the root system of plants. For one growing season, currants require 3 to 5 waterings. Also, a similar procedure is carried out by pouring liquid into pre-made grooves or grooves, 10-15 cm deep. They are made around the bush, at a distance of 30-40 cm from it.

Do not forget about the methods of maintaining moisture in the soil. So, spring care for black, red or white currants also includes loosening, mulching the soil and cleaning it from weeds. The optimal frequency of loosening the soil around the bushes is considered to be 1 time in 2-3 weeks, while preventing the formation of a crust and overgrowth of weeds, as it greatly dries the ground.

The active root system of the currant is located in the upper loose and nutrient layers, therefore, in order not to damage the roots, the soil next to the bushes is loosened very carefully, without going deeper than 6-8 cm. depth up to 12 cm.

Moisture will be well preserved if the soil around the bush is mulched with organic material.(peat, grass, peat compost). In this case, it will be possible to loosen it much less often.

AT recent times Synthetic materials are increasingly used for mulching currant bushes: black opaque film, parchment, roofing felt, germ-proof paper, etc. This allows you to do without loosening throughout the summer, however, with the advent of autumn, it is better to remove the shelter, which will improve air exchange in the ground, make necessary fertilizers or do any other work.

Processing currants in the spring from pests and diseases

Like any other plant, the bushes described suffer from various diseases and pest attacks, which make it very difficult to care for currants, in particular in spring. Most dangerous pest- currant bud mite, the presence of which is evidenced by large overgrown buds that look like small light heads of cabbage. With the advent of spring, they are simply unable to open up, which is why they gradually die off, which also affects the amount of the crop. So, in one kidney there can be up to a thousand individuals of the pest, and having got out of their shelter, they quickly spread over the territory, in which birds or the wind help them.

If there are not very many affected buds on the bush, then they can simply be plucked and burned, but if the affected areas are too extensive, then such a currant bush is completely removed. There is a simple, environmentally friendly and effective method the fight against currant bud mites, which involves scalding currant bushes with boiling water. Hot water will not do any harm to the plant, on the contrary, by performing the procedure in early spring (before the buds awaken), you will help the plant "wake up" after a winter rest. Boiling water will destroy not only ticks, but also aphid larvae, fungi and other pests that have successfully survived the winter.

When caring for blackcurrants in the spring, it is not uncommon to use chemicals in pest control. However, in this case, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the recommended spraying times, since the vegetation of the plant begins early, and changes occur very quickly. To get rid of the mentioned kidney mite, currant bushes and the soil under them can be sprayed with a solution of Chlorophos or a mixture of colloidal sulfur and Karbofos, at the rate of 100 and 20 g per 10 liters of water. The treatment of plants with these preparations should also be carried out before the buds swell, because otherwise it will be very difficult to get rid of the tick.

If we are talking about powdery mildew, then Fundazol (15 ml of the drug is diluted in 10 liters of water) or copper sulfate (100 g per 10 liters of water) will help get rid of it, and it is necessary not only to carefully spray the bushes, but also to water the beds, on which currant bushes grow.

At the tips of the shoots, the leaves are often damaged by aphids, which cause the leaf blades to curl and wrinkle. If no action is taken, then it will completely destroy the bush. You can determine the presence of a pest by the appearance of many ants that feed on its secretions.

Before the buds open on the bushes, you need to treat the currants with Furanon or simply scald the plant with boiling water. In the event that there are already leaves on the branches, but inflorescences have not yet appeared, Intavir, Rovi-kur, Tanrek, Bordeaux mixture or a solution of copper sulfate, at the rate of 100 g of the substance, are well suited to combat this problem. for 10 liters of water. Karbofos also helps a lot.

Currant spring care also includes plant nutrition, but most often this procedure is carried out in the second or third year after planting the bushes. However, if your plants are forced to exist on depleted soils, then the fertilizer applied to the planting hole when planting seedlings may not be enough. Moreover, not all blackcurrant seedlings turn out to be strong and completely healthy, which means that their top dressing will be a very important component when leaving in the spring.

Strong green bushes always stand out against the background of their pale and weak relatives, so it will not be difficult for you to identify currants that need a lot of useful trace elements. With the advent of spring, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied under the root of the plants, since they contribute to their better growth and development after the winter period.

The first root dressing can be carried out immediately after the buds open on the branches. To do this, 30 g of ammonium nitrate should be diluted in a bucket of water and pour the resulting composition under a bush (a ten-liter bucket of ready-made top dressing is needed for one bush). Re-fertilization falls on the period of caring for currant bushes with berries tied to them. In this case, mineral fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium (but not chloride) are applied to the soil, although hand-made organic matter can also be used as an alternative to mineral elements. Ash and humic fertilizers are perfect for this role.

Some experienced summer residents often resort to foliar top dressing. For example, when currants bloom, you can dilute 0.5 teaspoons of boric acid in 10 liters of warm water (up to 40 ° C) and spray the bushes with the resulting composition. Such treatment will increase the growth rate of shoots and increase the yield by 2-3 times. Also, during spring currant care, at the time the first ovaries appear, a mixture of 60 g of urea, 150 g of superphosphate and 10 liters of water is often prepared, which is also sprayed on the bushes. The shoots become very strong, and the taste of future berries improves significantly.

How to protect currants from frost

In conditions middle lane, where we are with you, shedding of currant ovaries can be called a fairly common occurrence, since despite the abundant flowering of the plant, in the first 10-15 days after it ends, almost all ovaries can be under a bush. The most characteristic reason for what is happening is spring frosts (matinees), which even in April complicate the care of currants. In our climatic zone, they end only towards the end of May, but are not excluded until the tenth of June (that is, they can fall at the end of the flowering of currants and at the period of ovary formation).

To protect the bushes from frost, smoke and spraying are used. In the first case, for the procedure, you will need cut raspberry branches and strawberry leaves, although last year's potato tops, straw manure and straw are also good. The prepared material is piled in piles, the length and width of which should reach 0.8 meters, and the height - 0.7 m. They are placed in one line at a distance of 3-4 m from each other, and on the side of the site from which early in the morning , air will be pulled in calm.

In addition to late spring frosts, the setting of currant berries is also greatly influenced by weather conditions. For example, in cold and windy weather, in the process of flowering, the years of insects are very difficult, which means that the plant will be poorly pollinated. At the same time, in hot and too dry weather, the stigmas of the pistils dry out, and the period of possible pollination of flowers is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is advisable to personally create optimal conditions for the normal pollination of bushes in the garden:to plant plants only in protected places, to select varieties in accordance with the climatic region, to humidify the air and soil in hot weather, and to breed bees.

Some summer residents consider currants enough unpretentious plant, however, caring for her in the spring can raise certain questions, the answers to which will come in handy with the advice of experienced gardeners. Only if you have sufficient information and follow all the above recommendations, you will be able to get a bountiful harvest of excellent berries.

The importance of timely care

So, in order to have a good harvest of currants, the gardener will have to make a lot of efforts. At the same time, an integral part of care is pruning bushes. Such an event stimulates the rapid growth of shoots in the underground part of the shrub.

Such processes are also called basal, replacement shoots or zero. After pruning, the growth and branching of annual shoots, which grow on perennial branches, are noticeably enhanced. Pruning also prevents thickening of the bush, and due to this, the size of the berries also increases.

Timely pruning of currant branches ensures the growth of fruit-bearing wood (new basal shoots are formed). Therefore, we can say with confidence that the annual spring pruning of currant shoots is necessary not only for the correct formation of the shrub - this procedure guarantees a good harvest.

Complete care for currants in spring

Before bud break, in early spring, currant care should begin. To do this, the ground around the bushes should be cleaned with a rake, remove debris, foliage, last year's mulch and burn, since various harmful insects and their larvae can be in the upper loose soil layer.

The soil in the near-stem circle should be thoroughly loosened, the first weeds should be removed.

To retain moisture, trunk circles must be mulched with humus, mowed grass, compost, and rotted manure. Such agrotechnical technique eliminates the need for frequent watering and loosening the soil.

Caring for currants is, first of all, means to ensure regular watering of the plant.

In doing so, it is important to remember:

1. You need to water once a week.
2. One bush will require no more than three liters of water. If you overdo it, then this is fraught with decay of the root system.
3. For irrigation, it is best to use water at room temperature, preferably settled.
4. Watering is recommended in the evening so that moisture can penetrate the root system during the night.
5. Do not pour water directly into the center of the bush. Watering is best done around the entire perimeter of the crown.
6. You can stop watering only if the ovaries have grown and began to stain. At such a moment, watering is harmful, since the berries can crack from excess water right on the bushes.

Caring for the trunk circle

In the spring, it is very important to regularly weed and mulch the soil. Currants really like drained land, and this requires regular loosening with deep weeding.

Also, the gardener can use a shovel to dig the soil 15-20 cm deep. It is necessary to loosen the soil as carefully as possible so as not to accidentally damage the root system of the plant.

Extra Care

Every gardener knows: to get a generous harvest, it is necessary to contribute to the good pollination of bushes by bees, bumblebees and other insects. How can this be done in practice?

One of the tips of experienced gardeners is to pour honey or sweetened water over currant bushes to lure pollinating bees. This simple technique significantly increases the yield. In addition, they recommend planting shrubs near bee hives.

In order not to break the currant crown, it is necessary to use a special stand. It can be easily made from rebar and rods. Another option: hammer a wooden peg near a bush at a depth of 50 centimeters and tie a currant crown to it using a special thread.

So, currant care is especially necessary in the spring. From how well the gardener takes care of the currants in the spring, its yield directly depends.

Currant - plant description

Perennial shrub from the gooseberry family. The height of the bushes is up to 2 meters with fluffy pale green shoots that change color to brown with age.

The root system is fibrous, extending to a depth of 20-40 cm.

The currant bush consists of branches of different ages, located at different levels, thanks to which the currant bears fruit for 12-15 years.

In the spring, at a temperature of +5 degrees, the buds swell, flowering appears at +11 +15 degrees, because of this, it is affected by spring frosts.

Most currant varieties do not need pollination, they also have frost resistance. Currant leaves are used in conservation (very fragrant), and tea is also brewed from them.

The berries are sweet and sour in taste, with a strong aroma, rich in vitamins and trace elements. The high content of vitamin C makes currant berries very useful, good remedy for disease prevention.

Planting currants

When to plant blackcurrant cuttings

Currant propagates by cuttings, layering, dividing the bush. Young green cuttings take root and begin to grow at any time during the growing season of the plant.

How to plant seedlings in autumn

It is best to plant blackcurrants in autumn, in early October. Before the onset of spring, the seedlings will take root and quickly grow.

Fertile soil is suitable for currants, light loams with a slightly alkaline reaction are best. It is better to plant seedlings in lit places, if there is shading, the berries will not be sweet and the yield will decrease.

Before planting, the soil is dug up to a depth of 20-22 cm and fertilizers are applied: 2-4 kg of organic, 100-150 g of superphosphate, 20-30 g of potassium sulfate per 1 m 2 of the plot.

Pit for planting with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 40 cm, the distance between the bushes is 1.5 meters. Pour half a bucket of water into the hole, plant a seedling so that the root neck is at a depth of 5 cm, straighten the roots. We sprinkle the roots a little with earth, pour half a bucket of water and fill the hole to the top.

Mulch the soil from above with humus or peat. Cut the shoots of seedlings at a height of 10-15 cm from the ground, leaving only 4-5 buds.

How to care for blackcurrant

Plant care in spring is not difficult and is as follows:

Remove mite-affected kidneys

Dig the bushes and mulch the soil with humus or manure around the bushes,

Ensure adequate watering during the growth and flowering period,

Remove weeds and loosen the soil under the plants to a depth of 6 cm, 2-3 times a week. If the soil around the bush is mulched, loosening is not required,

After winter, carry out sanitary pruning of currants,

In early spring, treat the bushes from pests and diseases,

Apply nitrogen fertilizers

During the flowering period, observe and inspect the flowers. In case of detection of terry inflorescences, remove them to avoid spreading to other bushes.

Summer currant care

Watering plays an important role in the care of currants in the hot summer. Also keep clean between the bushes, remove weeds on time. Feed with organic fertilizers, along with watering. Inspect the bushes all the time, and if pests or diseases are detected, take action, but do not treat with chemicals three weeks before the berries ripen, use folk remedies. When the berries begin to sing, they need to be collected individually and selectively - only ripe ones as they ripen.

Caring for currants in autumn

After harvesting, be sure to water the currants, you also need to loosen the soil. In the second half of September, fertilize: organic and mineral, also carry out a formative pruning of currant bushes. In autumn, you need to start breeding and planting currants. For the winter, preventive treatment against pests and diseases is carried out.

Pest and disease treatment

In early spring, even before the buds swell, treat with a 1% solution of karbofos, copper sulphate or Bordeaux liquid. The soil also needs to be processed. In the fall, remove all fallen leaves from the area with currants, pests will not be bred in them. With the same preparations, carry out preventive treatment in the fall.

After a snowy winter, the plants do not need abundant watering. Otherwise, if there was little snow, it is necessary to water regularly. During the period of growth, formation of ovaries and ripening of berries, water the plants with warm water every 5 days. Water consumption is approximately 20-30 liters per 1 m 2 of plot, the soil should get wet to a depth of 40 cm. In the case of a dry autumn, water the currants abundantly for the winter.

New bushes planted this year have enough fertilizer for growth and development, but when they are 2 or more years old, they need to be fertilized regularly. Apply nitrogen fertilizer in the spring. Two-year-old plants: 40-50 g of urea, 4-year-old and more will be enough 20 g.

In autumn, apply 4-6 kg under each bush organic fertilizer- manure, compost, chicken manure. Add 50 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium sulfate to organic ones.

Experts recommend to spend in the summer (June-July) foliar top dressing three times with the following solution: dilute separately 3 g of boric acid, 35 g of copper sulfate, 5 g of potassium permanganate, mix everything with 10 liters of water. After sunset or a cloudy day, spray the bushes with the composition.

When and how to cut currants

Pruning currants in spring- carried out in order to achieve good yields, remove unnecessary and weak shoots, so the plant does not expend energy on them. Last year's growths on branches 4-5 years old bring the most ovaries. Branches older than 6 years are subject to pruning. Dried and affected branches are pruned. In the spring, before bud break, the shoots of frozen and broken branches are shortened, and the main pruning is carried out in the fall, after the leaves fall.

pruning in autumn- the shoot of the first year is cut at a height of 10-15 cm from the soil level. Two summer bushes free from zero shoots, leaving 3-5 strong branches. 3- and 4-year-old bushes are freed from zero shoots, leaving 3-6 most developed ones. Try to cut out underdeveloped and weak shoots in the middle of the bushes. On last year's branches, the tops are cut, 2- and 3-year-old branches leave 3-4 buds on each branch, the rest is cut off. Branches older than 6 years are removed completely. The cutting scheme is shown.

Reproduction of currant

Blackcurrant is propagated by lignified or green cuttings.

It is the most accessible and convenient way- planting material is available at any time of the year. You can plant cuttings for rooting from spring to autumn. The length of the cut cuttings is about 20 cm and 8-10 mm thick (the middle of annual shoots, shoots growing from the root or 3-year-old branches is suitable), it is advisable to cut from healthy plants.

When cutting cuttings, the upper cut is made above the kidney at a distance of 1 cm with a sharp pruner, below the cut under the lower kidney.

Most often, cuttings are planted in spring, but it is better to plant cuttings in autumn, when the buds enter a dormant period: for blackcurrants, this is mid-September - early October.

Cuttings are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm between plants and 40 between rows, this makes it possible to care for currants in the summer and it is convenient to dig them up for planting in a permanent place. It is better to mulch the soil with 3-5 cm of humus, so you prevent the soil from drying out. Also good option there will be a use of a film in which holes for the cuttings are pre-made. Watering is needed moderate, do not allow the soil to dry out. In summer, do not forget to feed the beds with mullein and weed weeds.

If the bushes have time to form by autumn, they can be transplanted to a permanent place, if not, leave for another season.

Green cuttings are rooted only in a greenhouse. The cutting length is 5-10 cm with three green leaves. The cuttings are placed in water to form roots and after 2 weeks they are transplanted into a light peat soil mixture. During the first 3 weeks, spray the cuttings with water for better survival. After 1 month, the film can be removed if the leaves remain green and elastic, the film is removed completely.

Control of diseases and pests of blackcurrant

List of common currant diseases:

-- septoria- white spotting, angular or round spots on the leaves, first brown, then light with a dark border,
-- anthracnose- small spots with small brown tubercles, the leaves dry and fall off starting from the lower branches,
-- terry- you can see ugly flowers of a lilac hue, and the leaves on the young shoots have become dark, the currant ceases to bear fruit,
-- gray rot- brown spots on currant leaves,
-- powdery mildew- white loose coating on berries and leaves, which turns into a brown film,
-- striped mosaic- you can see a yellow pattern on the leaves around the main veins,
-- columnar rust- appears on the leaves: small yellow spots on the upper side, growths with yellow spores in the form of hairs on the lower side.

Not always treatment can give a result - viral diseases are not treated. The best prevention is proper care of currants throughout the season and response to the slightest manifestations of diseases. For prevention, spray the soil and blackcurrant bushes with solutions of Bordeaux liquid, karbofos or copper sulfate in early spring before the buds swell.

Currant pests, species that can be found often:

-- pale-footed sawfly- its caterpillars dine on the leaves, leaving only the veins,
-- biennial leaflet- damage buds and berries,
-- moth- berries that are damaged ripen ahead of time,
-- shoot aphid- Causes damage to the leaves, feeding on the juice. Leaves curl, dry, shoots stop growing, bend,
-- kidney mite- damages the kidneys, climbing into them for the winter and eating away from the inside,
-- spider mite- the leaves have become marble in color, dry up and fall off,
-- gall midges- they eat out currant shoots from the inside, which leads to their death. Flower gall midges damage the buds, after which they fall off,
-- fruit sawfly- deals damage to blackcurrant berries, the berries take on a faceted shape.

The fight against each type of pest is carried out as they appear on the bushes. Means for processing can be folk, or chemicals - decide for yourself what to choose. But after carrying out prophylaxis in early spring, when all the snow has not yet come down (the buds are still at rest), pour currant bushes with boiling water from a watering can. Thus, you will destroy pests on the branches and in the ground under the bushes. After the snow melts, treat the soil and bushes with Bordeaux liquid or blue vitriol.

Currant varieties

Winter-hardy varieties are suitable for cultivation in the northern regions - Kent Goliath, Lia fertile, Neapolitan.

It can also be divided into early, middle and late varieties according to maturation.

The most popular varieties:

-- Belarusian sweet- early, self-fertile variety with large berries, resistant to bud mites and anthracnose,
-- Premiere - early variety with large berries of dessert taste. High yield. Mite resistant,
-- Moscow- early variety, winter-hardy, self-fertile with large berries and medium yield,
-- Boskop giant- mid-early variety with large sweet-sour berries,
-- seaside champion- an early variety with powerful bushes, wrinkled leaves and large round fruits on long racemes. Winter hardy and high yield
-- Enchantress- average term of ripening of berries, low bush with large brilliant fruits. High yield, resistant to pests and diseases,
-- Treasure- medium grade low bush and tasty, large berries. high yielding variety. Moderately resistant to powdery mildew, and bud mites,
-- Oryol Serenade- average late variety with medium-sized berries, high yield. Resistant to diseases and pests,
-- Gross- a late variety with a bush height above average. large berries 5 g each, high yield. Resistant to fungal diseases and moderately resistant to mites,
-- Kent- late variety with undersized sprawling bushes and large leaves. The berries are large, sour in taste, high yield.

This is a small part of the listed blackcurrant varieties from the whole variety, you make a choice based on weather conditions your region.

tillage

For air to penetrate into the soil and retain moisture in it, you need to loosen the ground under the bushes, remove weeds and last year's leaf. This reduces the accumulation of pests, viruses under the bushes. Currants also significantly need moisture when pouring berries. If the soil is light, then it is quite enough to carry out a shallow loosening of 6-8 cm under the crown so as not to damage the shallow roots. Around the bush, you can dig up the earth by 10-15 cm.

Mulching under bushes

Of course, when digging, damage to small roots cannot be avoided, but the lack of air during compaction of the soil will also adversely affect the growth of currants. Therefore, sometimes gardeners, instead of digging, use mulching the soil under the bushes with plant residues, humus, compost, straw, manure with a layer of at least 10 cm. Mulch retains moisture under the bushes, prevents the growth of weeds and strong soil compaction.

Plant nutrition

If, when planting currants or gooseberries, you filled the ground well, then for the next 4-5 years you can not worry about feeding these bushes with phosphorus and potassium. But plants need to be provided with nitrogen, starting from the third year (15-20 g / m 2 of urea).

Gooseberries, currants need complex fertilizer, and are very responsive to feeding. It is necessary to apply 6-8 kg of organic matter every three years under a bush, as well as annually in the spring of nitroammooska or ammophoska at 20-25 g / m 2. If the yield is high, then the plants should also be fed with phosphorus and potassium during the formation of the ovaries.

Remember that overfeeding bushes with nitrogen can provoke the development of diseases. Here the principle applies: it is better to underfeed than to overfeed.

pruning currants in spring

Preparing currant bushes for winter

Currant is a frost-resistant crop. It withstands winters with little snow at minus 25. And this attracts "lazy" gardeners. But if the temperature drops further, then the shoots will freeze and die. And, as a result, productivity will fall. There are times when the bushes die and are no longer restored.

The culture will withstand both cold, long winters, and frosts below minus 50 with proper care. First of all, the branches must be thoroughly bent to the ground. So they will be securely wrapped in snow, which will warm them, and hidden from drafts. There are many ways to tilt branches to the ground:

It is impossible to place all branches under the same load. It is better to distribute several bricks evenly over the surface.

So they can withstand temperatures down to minus 35 degrees. But if the winter is not snowy and the ground freezes, the plant may die.

Do not wrap with polyethylene, because. there should be natural aeration.

Tip #1 Branches should be opened in early spring. Under the heater, they should not be for a long time. A long period of isolation does not allow the stem to develop, the buds to form. Therefore, you will get a smaller harvest.

How to start spring work on caring for currants

It is during the spring period that work on caring for the bushes is the most labor-intensive and their volume is large, because during this period the future harvest is laid. Traditional events that are held in the spring, when the snow has melted and the soil is almost dry, are:

Shrub thinning. Old branches are cut, the age of which reaches 4 years. They no longer produce a crop and, in fact, are ballast. Maximum fruiting can be observed on branches up to 3 years of age.

Tip #2 You need to loosen the soil regularly to access the roots of the air, but this must be done very carefully. The root system is shallow and can be easily damaged.

Treatment of currant bushes against diseases

Which of the inhabitants of the garden harms the fruit shrub the most?

• kidney mite: swollen buds are visible on the shoots,
• currant aphid: feeds on the juice of the leaves on the tops of the shoots,
• currant borer: causes the tender apical leaves to dry out and the shoot may die completely,
• terry: develops slowly and the bush may not bear fruit at all,
• anthracnose: affects leaves that show swelling,
• powdery mildew: if the disease is started, the bush will die.

You can fight all summer, but it is not always effective. Unfortunately, in the spring it is difficult to notice most diseases, and pests too. But there is a folk, simple and very effective method for processing currants in the spring. This is boiling water treatment. Since the method is widespread, it is worth dwelling on the main stages of work.

1. Processing is carried out in early spring before the buds swell, otherwise they can be damaged.
2. See which bushes need watering and prepare enough boiling water.
3. The roots must be covered with non-wetting material so as not to damage with boiling water.
4. Processing should be carried out immediately, as soon as the water boils.
5. You need a metal watering can, do not pour boiling water into plastic containers.
6. To make the treatment more effective, you can dilute the water with salt or potassium permanganate
7. Shoots and branches are evenly watered with boiling water, but not for long, otherwise the plant can be burned.

The use of chemicals

Before the buds have blossomed, you can use chemicals to fight. We process with Furanon if aphids are noticed already in the spring (before the first buds bloom). Before blooming inflorescences, you can apply Tanrek (gardeners' reviews about Tanrek), Bordeaux mixture or karbofos. To protect against powdery mildew, both the soil and the bushes themselves are sprayed with foundationazole, and copper sulfate is also used.

For fungal diseases, Bordeaux mixture or ash solution is indispensable. Before using a chemical preparation, carefully study the instructions and use personal protective measures. It is better to use natural methods of struggle as more environmentally friendly and safe: urea solution, pine needles decoction, black pepper, tobacco powder, smoke and other means.

Pruning currant bushes in early spring

After planting blackcurrant, you can already do the first pruning of the bush. The seedling is pruned quite strongly, leaving a few branches with developed buds. During the year, the plant can no longer be touched. In a one-year-old plant, three zero branches are left growing from the roots. These are the strongest branches from which a bush will subsequently form. Remove all weak branches immediately.

We remove weak, one-year-old shoots in the third year. The rest of the shoots are reduced by 1/3. Such pruning is subsequently carried out every year. Remember to remove diseased and broken branches.

In the 6th year, the bush is considered to be formed. We remove 4-5-year-old branches that do not grow and no longer bear fruit. If it seems that the bush is becoming very rare, then leave more young branches. According to this scheme, pruning is carried out in the future. Thus, a bush is formed, and the currant bears fruit well, because. the main crop is formed on young shoots.

Basic pruning care

• Pruning is carried out very early, as soon as the snow has melted. At a later time, active sap flow begins in the branches and the bush will weaken when pruned. If you missed the right moment, then prune in the fall or next spring.
• Before carrying out this method, it is necessary to remove with the root that young growth, which is located at a distance from the bush. Remove old, diseased, damaged, twisted branches.
• Young shoots should also be cut out. We are talking about root shoots, from which it is worth leaving 5-7 of the strongest branches. In the course of work, form a bush. The spherical shape will look good, and pruning 1/3 of the top branches will help it grow better. As a result, productivity will increase.

Pruning is necessary: ​​with its help a bush is formed, the plant is regularly updated. If you get used to doing this procedure annually, then it will no longer cause you any problems and difficulties. Over the years, skills will be honed, the speed of work will increase.

Tip #4 There may be more berries without pruning, but they will be smaller and of poorer quality. Try using this method to regulate the balance of quality and quantity of berries.

We always listen more to the opinion of gardeners than to literary sources. After all, experience is the most important thing in any business.

The techniques used in the processing of currants in the spring are the most important. They are the guarantee of the future harvest. And if there is not so much work in the summer, then in the spring the bush must be processed. Good luck in this difficult task!

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Watch the video: Caring for currants in spring. Pests of currants in spring. What to fight. (February 2020).